Anxiety/OCD/Trauma Flashcards
Distinguishing Normal from Pathological
- Intensity
- Impairment
- Ability to recover
Normal Fears in Infants
- Fear of loud noises
- Fear of being startled
- Fear of strangers (around 8 – 10 months)
Normal Fear in Toddlers
- Imaginary Creaturs
- Darkness
- Normative separation anxiety
NF in School-age Children
- worries about injury and natural events
- Confidence vs eagerness
- Mostly in girls
- Separation Anxiety
- Phobias
- GAD
NF in Adolescents
- Fears related to school
- Fears related to social competence
- Fears related to health issues
Behavioral Inhibition
- tendency to be unusually withdrawn or timid and to show fear and withdrawal in novel and/or unfamiliar social and nonsocial situations
- Thus, Behavioral Inhibition is a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders in children
Neurobiology of Anxiety
Reticular Activating System (a network of ascending, arousal-related neural systems)
Hippocampus
Involved in the storage of sensory information and is very sensitive to stress
Limbic Systems
Cues are paired (Growl and threat)
Insecure attachment may be a risk factor for
the development of childhood anxiety disorders
Untreated childhood anxiety…
- typically continues into adulthood
- may develop into depressive disorders
Risk Factors of Anxiety D/O
- behavioral inhibition in childhood
- parents have d/o
- insecure attachment
DSM-IV disorders include
- Separation Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder
- Specific Phobia
- Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Acute Stress Disorder
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
DSM 5 Anxiety disorders
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Selective Mutism
- Specific Phobia
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
DSM: Selective Mutism
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations (in which there is an expectation for speaking, e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations
Panic Attacks
The occurrence of unexpected panic attacks is required for a dx of Panic D/O; situationally bound or predisposed attacks are common in Panic D/O but also occur in the context of other anxiety disorders (e.g., specific and social phobia, PTSD)
Panic Disorder
-PANIC DISORDER is characterized by the
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
-persistent concern about having additional attacks
-worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences
-a significant change in behavior related to the attacks
DSM-5 pays more attention to (PTSD)
the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic clusters instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing and arousal.
Patients with PTSD have (bigger/smaller) hippocampus
smaller because of stress
What predicts who develops PTSD?
- Closer physical proximity
- Closer emotional proximity (death)
- More exposure to media coverage
- Cognitive factors
Acute vs PTSD
PTSD if it persists for longer than 4 weeks
Trichotillomania
- Recurrent pulling out of hair resulting in noticeable hair loss
- An increasing sense of tension immediately before pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior
- Pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair
