Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child and Adolescent Psychopathology > ADHD > Flashcards

ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

Classic Triad of ADHD

A

Inattention, Impulsivity, Hyperactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diagnostic criteria for ADHD

A

Same 18 symptoms in IV and 5. Divided into two symptom domains (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity). Need at least 6 symptoms for diagnoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Changes in DSM-5 regarding ADHD

A

Examples added to criterion to be applicable across life span.
Cross-situational requirement is now “several symptoms”
Symptoms must have been present before age 12
Comorbid diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder is allowed
5 symptoms for Adults must be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Inattention

A 
Makes careless mistakes
Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks
Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
Difficulty following instructions
Difficulty organizing tasks
Avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort
Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
Often forgetful in daily activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

A 
Fidgets
Leades seat
Runs or climbs excessively
Talks excessively
Difficulty waiting turn
Interrupts or intrudes on others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DSM Functional Criteria

A

6 of 9 symptoms in either or both categories
Inattentive; Hyperactive-Impulsive, or combined type
Persistent for at least 6 months
Some symptoms prior to age 12
Impairment in 2 or more settings
Social/academic/occupational impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Overlap of symptoms and diagnoses

A

ADHD is exhibits same symptoms as anxiety and some symtoms as LD and ODD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Differential Diagnosis (Psychiatric)

A 
Mood and/or Psychotic Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
Learning disorder
Mental Retardation/Borderline IQ
ODD
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Substance Abuse
Axis II Disorders
Psychosocial Cx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differential Diagnosis (Medical)

A 
Seizure Disorder
Chronic Otitis Media
Hyperthyroidism
Sleep Apnea
Drug-Induced Inattentional Syndrome
Head Injury
Hepatic Illness
Toxic Exposure
Narcolepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epidemiology

A
  • Most common diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood (1/20)
  • 3-7% of school kids
  • 2-9:1
  • Girls show less hyperactivity, conduct problems, and less externalizing behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidemiology

A
  • 30-50% of cases persist past 15 years
  • strong predictor of poor prognosis is pre-pubertal aggression
  • over 80% of psychotropics are Rx by primary care providers
  • outpatient inc from 1.6-4.2 million from ‘90-‘93
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

World Wide prevalence of ADHD

A

is 3-7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ADHD is familial

A

sibling inc 2-5x

parents 3-5x inc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Co-morbidity of ADHD

A

2/3 of children present 1 or more cormbid axis I disorders (anxiety, odd, ld etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adolescents w/ ADHD Rx have (higher or lower) rates of substance abuse than untreated

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADHD Outcomes

A
  • lower grades
  • higher expel rates
  • worse on exec function tests
  • fewer friends
  • lower self-esteem
  • higher arrest rates
  • lower occupational rank
  • higher termination rates
17
Q

Natural History

A

1/3 -> complete resolution
1/3 -> continue inattention, some impulsivity
1/3 -> early ODD, poor academic achievement, substance abuse, antisocial disorder

18
Q

Age Related changes

A

preschool- hyperactive impuslive
school - combination symptoms
adolescence - more inattention w/ restlessness
adult - largely inattention w/ periodic impulsivity

19
Q

ADHD (Striatum, posterior brain regions) Larger or Smaller?

A

Smaller (Correlates with severity of ADHD)

20
Q

Specific Genes

A

-Thyroid receptor
-Dopamine Transport gene
Dopamine Receptor D4 gene

21
Q

DAT Dysfunction

A

Increased reuptake of dopamine via DAT results in hypodopaminergic state (not enough)

22
Q

Potential Non-genetic causes

A 
Perinatal stress
Low birth weight
traumatic brain injury
smoking during pregnancy
severe deprivation
23
Q

Executive Functioning

A
  • response inhibition
  • vigilance
  • working memory
  • difficulty with planning
24
Q

Establishing a Convincing Diagnosis

A

No single test to identify ADHD

  • Continous Performance Tests (TOVA, CPT, Gordon Computerized Diagnosis System)
  • Must be multi-factorial
25
Q

Clinical Interview (ADHD)

A
  • Diagnostic assessment of primary complaints
  • review of psychiatric systems
  • medical, psychiatric, and developmental history
  • detailed educational and social history
26
Q

Collateral Interviews (ADHD)

A
  • Patient
  • Primary caregivers
  • Teachers
  • School counselors
  • Sunday school teachers
27
Q

“Some” symptoms

A
  • by age 7 years

- Symptoms must be in multiple settings

28
Q

Rating Scales

A
  • Snap IV
  • Conners
  • ACTeRS
  • Child Behavior Checklist
  • ADHD Rating Scale -IV
29
Q

Treatment Trial

A
  • Risk of adverse effects is signficant
  • Not necessarily “diagnostic” even if effective
  • 2-3 treatments should be used before deemed non-responder
30
Q

Latino and black children are (more/less) likely to be diagnosed with ADHD by parent report than white children

A

less

31
Q

Black children are (more/less) less likely to receive stimulants than white children

A

less

Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions