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mental health/psych > anxiety (halter ch 3, 15, 16, 25, 49, 40, 51) > Flashcards

anxiety (halter ch 3, 15, 16, 25, 49, 40, 51) Flashcards

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1
Q

necessary emotional response for survival, a normal response to threatening situations or unknown origin; Is subjective

A

anxiety

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2
Q

“pressure” that is brought to bear on the individual

A

stress

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3
Q

innate intellectual response to a dangerous or life-threatening situation

A

fear

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4
Q

emotional level of anxiety:

  • Part of day-to-day living
  • can motivate learning
  • increased perceptual field
A

mild

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5
Q

emotional level of anxiety:

  • Focus only on immediate concern
  • Perception narrows
  • “Selective Inattentiveness”
  • Decreased clarity of thinking
A

moderate

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6
Q

two categories stressors

A
  • physical (environmental or physical)

- psychological (situational)

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7
Q

emotional level of anxiety:

  • Greatly reduces perceptual field
  • Either singularly focused or not focused at all
  • No learning
A

severe

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8
Q

emotional level of anxiety:

  • Awe, dread, terror
  • frightened, paralyzed
  • Behaviors not purposeful
  • Unable to process. Possible psychosis
A

panic

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9
Q

4 emotional levels of anxiety (lowest to highest)

A
  • mild
  • moderate
  • severe
  • panic
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10
Q

when might stress be considered pathological (4)

A
  • response is out of proportion to risk and severity of danger/threat
  • response continues beyond existence of potential danger/threat
  • intellectual, social, or occupational functioning impaired
  • individual suffers psychosomatic effect
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11
Q

defense mechanism: largely unconscious motivation to feel caring and concern for others and act for the well-being of others

A

altruism

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12
Q

defense mechanism: used to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths

A

compensation

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13
Q

defense mechanism: involves escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence

A

denial

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14
Q

defense mechanism: transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object, or situation

A

displacement

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15
Q

defense mechanism: attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group. This may be done consciously or unconsciously

A

identification

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16
Q

defense mechanism: process in which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the processing

A

intellectualization

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17
Q

defense mechanism: unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to others

A

projection

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18
Q

defense mechanism: justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller and the listener

A

rationalization

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19
Q

defense mechanism: when unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite emotion or behavior

A

reaction formation

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20
Q

defense mechanism: reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior that may or may not have been exhibited previously

A

regression

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21
Q

defense mechanism: unconscious exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness

A

repression

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22
Q

defense mechanism: unconscious process of transforming negative impulses into less damaging and even productive impulses

A

sublimation

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23
Q

cognitive distortion: Thinking in black and white, reducing complex outcomes into absolutes

A

all or nothing thinking

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24
Q

cognitive distortion: Using a bad outcome (or a few bad outcomes) as evidence that nothing will ever go right again

A

overgeneralization

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25
Q

cognitive distortion: A form of generalization in which a characteristic or event becomes definitive and results in an overly harsh label for self or others

A

labeling

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26
Q

cognitive distortion: Focusing on a negative detail or bad event and allowing it to taint everything else

A

mental filter

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27
Q

cognitive distortion: Maintaining a negative view by rejecting information that supports a positive view as being irrelevant, inaccurate, or accidental

A

disqualifying the positive

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28
Q

cognitive distortion: Making a negative interpretation despite the fact that there is little or no supporting evidence

A

jumping to conclusions

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29
Q

cognitive distortion: inferring negative thoughts, responses, and motives of others

A

mind reading (jumping to conclusions)

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30
Q

cognitive distortion: Anticipating that things will turn out badly as an established fact

A

fortune telling error (jumping to conclusions)

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31
Q

cognitive distortion: Exaggerating the importance of something (e.g., a personal failure or the success of others) or reducing the importance of something (e.g., a personal success or the failure of others)

A

magnification or minimization

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32
Q

cognitive distortion: extreme form of magnification in which the very worst is assumed to be a probable outcome

A

catastrophizing

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33
Q

cognitive distortion: Drawing a conclusion based on an emotional state

A

emotional reasoning

34
Q

cognitive distortion: Rigid self-directives that presume an unrealistic amount of control over external events

A

“should” and “must” statements

35
Q

cognitive distortion: Assuming responsibility for an external event or situation that was likely outside personal control

A

personalization

36
Q

DSM 5 anxiety disorders (6)

A
  • separation anxiety disorders
  • phobias
  • social anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • agoraphobia
  • generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
37
Q

DSM 5 OCD related disorders (4)

A
  • obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • body dysmorphic disorder
  • hoarding disorder
  • trichotrillomania and excoriation disorders
38
Q

physical S+S anxiety disorder

A
  • dizziness
  • sweating
  • chest pain
  • decreased sex drive
  • rapid breathing and breathlessness
  • heart palpitations
  • increased bp
  • numbness
  • N/D
  • chills/hot flashes
  • weakness
  • tremors
39
Q

assessment of anxiety disorders (7)

A
  • assess for safety
  • rating scales (hamilton)
  • history (onset triggers, duration, pattern, intensity)
  • MSE
  • level of impact on life
  • attempts to cope (attack v withdrawal behavior)
  • rule out medical causes
40
Q

defense mechanism: attaching to something positive

A

introjection

41
Q

defense mechanism: override negative with habit

A

ritual and undoing

42
Q

Recurrent unexpected panic attack (out of the blue) peaks within minutes. Followed by worry of another attack and/or maladaptive change in behavior in response to having had an panic attack

A

panic disorder

43
Q

DSM 5 for panic attack (4+ symptoms peaked within 10 minutes)

A
  • palpitations, pounding heart
  • sweating
  • trembling, shaking
  • SOB
  • feeling of choking
  • chest pain
  • nausea
  • feeling dizzy/faint
  • de-realization or depersonalization
  • numbing/tingling sensation
  • chills/hot flashes
  • fear of dying or “going crazy”
44
Q

• Concern of being apart from significant other
• Fear that something bad will happen to significant
other
• Unable to function or difficulty in functioning

A

separation anxiety disorder

45
Q

• Fear of being somewhere without chance of escape
or without help or might be embarrassing
• Use of avoidance behaviors

A

agoraphobia

46
Q
  • Severe anxiety triggered by social or performance situation
  • Fear of potentially negative outcomes
  • May result following a horrifying (perceived) social event
A

social anxiety disorder

47
Q
  • Irrational, Persistent Fear
  • Desire to avoid or change in behavior to avoid
  • May be manifested after traumatic situation
A

specific phobias

48
Q

mnemonic for GAD DSM 5

A

“EGADS, im so MISERAble”

49
Q

DSM 5 criteria for generalized anxiety disorder

A 
Excessive
Generalized
Anxiety
Daily (or most days)
Six months
Muscle tension
Irritability
Sleep disturbance
Energy (fatigue)
Restlessness
Attention (difficulty concentrating)
50
Q

Anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are inordinately time-consuming or that cause significant distress or impairment

A

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

51
Q

DSM 5 criteria for OCD

A 
"I MURDER"
Intrusive
Mind-based
Unwanted
Resistant
Distressing
Ego-dystonic
Recurrent
52
Q

A persistent and intrusive idea, thought,

impulse or image

A

obsession

53
Q

repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a
ritualistic or stereotyped set of rules

A

compulsion

54
Q

3 major dimensions of OCD

A
  • checking compulsions
  • symmetry and order
  • cleanliness
55
Q

OCD disorder:

  • preoccupation with defects
  • Perfectionistic and fear of rejection
  • Leads to feeling shame, depression, disgust with self
A

body dysmorphia

56
Q

OCD disorder:

  • Accumulation of belongings
  • Anxiety over getting rid of things
  • People are indecisive and often have depression/ anxiety
A

hoarding disorder

57
Q

OCD disorder: Hair pulling. Sometimes with trichophagia

A

trichotillomania

58
Q

OCD disorder: skin picking leads to damage of skin

A

excoriation

59
Q

interventions for mild-moderate anxiety (3)

A
  • good time to teach
  • direct pt to decrease anxiety
  • prevent escalation of anxiety
60
Q

interventions for severe anxiety (4)

A
  • safety
  • decrease stimuli
  • firm, short, concise statements
  • meds or restraints if other interventions fail
61
Q

interventions for pts with cognitive distortions (6)

A
  • reframing
  • challenging beliefs
  • flooding
  • imaginal flooding
  • graduated exposure
  • thought stopping
62
Q

1st line meds for anxiety

A

SSRIs

63
Q

med options for anxiety (5)

A
  • SSRIs (1st line)
  • benzos (short term, need to taper)
  • buspirone (non-benzo anxiolytic, takes time)
  • antihistamine/noradrenergic
  • b blocker, clonidine
64
Q

benzodiazepine meds (5)

A
  • lorazepam
  • clonazepam
  • alprazolam
  • diazepam
  • oxazepam
65
Q

trauma induced disorder : An anxiety disorder that develops during the 4 weeks after event and
lasting at least 2 days

A

acute stress disorder

66
Q

after what period of time is Dx changed from acute stress disorder to PTSD

A

1 month

67
Q

DSM 5 criteria for PTSD

A

“TRAUMA”

  • Traumatic event
  • Re-experiencing (1+)
  • Arousal (increased sensory arousal - 2+)
  • Unable to function
  • Month or more
  • Avoidance (3+)
68
Q

An alteration of conscious awareness of behavior,

affect, thoughts, memories

A

dissociation

69
Q

feelings of being detached from one’s body or

thoughts

A

depersonalization

70
Q

body has an unreal or strange quality

A

derealization

71
Q

examples of re-experiencing in PTSD (4)

A
  • images/thoughts
  • flashbacks
  • dreams
  • response to cues that symbolize trauma
72
Q

examples of avoidance in PTSD (5)

A
  • thoughts, feelings, convos about trauma
  • avoid reminders
  • unable to remember all/some
  • diminished interest/feelings
  • feeling of detachment from others
73
Q

examples of increased sensory arousal (3)

A
  • hyper-startle response
  • anger outbursts
  • impaired sleep, concentration
74
Q

Tx PTSD (3 stages)

A

STAGE 1:

  • safety first
  • stop self-destructive behaviors

STAGE 2:

  • memory work, reducing arousal, integrating emotions
  • accepting help and comfort
  • decreasing dissociation
  • transforming memories

STAGE 3:

  • develop problem solving
  • develop variety coping skills
  • variety of social supports
75
Q

meds for PTSD

A
  • SSRIs (sertaline and paroxetine)
  • SNRIs (venlafaxine)
  • phenalzine or TCA if SSRI not effective
  • prazosin for nightmares
  • clonidine/propranolol for hyperarousal
76
Q

med for nightmares with PTSD

A

prazosin

77
Q

med for hyperarousal for PTSD

A

clonidine or propranolol

78
Q

should you forcibly prohibit pt with OCD from performing compulsions

A

NO

79
Q

Tx self injury (6)

A
  • address underlying issues
  • identify triggers
  • feel and express emotions avoided by injury
  • self sooth and calm
  • use less injurious behaviors
  • distraction (delay, exercise, call friend)
80
Q

DSM 5 criteria for acute stress disorder (3/6)

A
  • dissociative symptoms
  • re-experiencing event
  • avoiding situation
  • intense anxiety
  • hypervigilence
  • impairment of everyday functioning

mental health/psych (14 decks)

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