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Psychiatry > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different models of stress that can cause anxiety?

A

Psychological or transactional
Medicopsychological- fight or flight response
Biomechanical- environmental stressor on person which- if over limit can cause physical damage

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2
Q

What are the different ways of coping with stress?

A

Problem focussed

Emotion focussed

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3
Q

What kind of symptoms come with anxiety?

A

Psychological arousal e.g. fear & irritability

Autonomic arousal (symp) e.g. dry mouth, dizzy, sweats, tight chest etc

Muscle tension –> Tremor & headache

Hyperventilation –> SOB & numbness

Sleep Disturbances

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4
Q

Obviousbly anxiety disorders can be quite similar or overlap with MDD, schizophrenia, dementia etc. But what physical disorders can cause anxiety?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

Phaeochromocytoma

Hypoglycaemia

Asthma

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5
Q

What’s the difference between Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) & Phobic Anxiety Disorders

A

GAD is persistant in all situations

Phobic anxiety disorders arise in specific situations

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6
Q

What are the most common anxiety disorders in order of prevalence?

A

GAD - 4.4% 1yr prevalence
OCD - 2% 1yr prevalence
PTSD - 1-4% 1yr prevalence

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7
Q

GAD can give you any of the symptoms described earlier. But what extra “symptoms” can come with Phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Anticipatory anxiety
This is where symptoms arise with a perceived threat of the feared situation arising

Phobic Avoidance - of those circumstances

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8
Q

What triggers GAD?

A

A stressor acting on a person who is already predisposed by genetic & environmental factors

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9
Q

How do we manage a case of GAD?

A

Counselling - Planning, education & advice re caffine, exercise etc

Relaxation training

Medication - Antidepressants (SSRI/TCA) or sedatives

CBT

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10
Q

What are the subtypes of phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Specific phobias e.g. uncircumcisedpenisphobia

Social Phobia

Agoraphobia

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11
Q

Define social vs agoraphobia?

A

Social - Anxiety in a situation where they feel observed or at risk of criticism e.g. public speaking

Agoraphobia is a fear of being unsafe/trapped/unable to escape e.g. in open spaces, crowds, restaurants etc

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12
Q

What symptoms of anxiety predominate in social phobia?

A

Blushing & tremor, but any anxiety symptoms can arise

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13
Q

How do we manage someone with Social Phobia?

A

CBT
Education & Advice
SSRIs

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14
Q

How does gender affect your risk of anxiety disorders?

A

GAD - F predominates

OCD is equal

PTSD - F predominates (prevalence also varies based on population exposure to disaster & culture)

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15
Q

OCD is a mixture of obsessional thoughts and compulsive repetitive acts. Describe the obsessive thoughts of someone with OCD?

A

They are not willed
Oft unpleasant or distressing
Recognised as their own thought (i.e. not psychotic)

The anxiety symptoms arise from the distressing nature or resistance to the thoughts

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16
Q

Describe the compulsive acts of someone with OCD

A

Repetitive
Not enjoyable or helpful for the individual
Viewed as either pointless or as preventing harm in some unrealistic way

Resistance/inability to perform the actions creates anxiety symptoms

17
Q

How is OCD managed?

A

Education (include family/partner)

Seratonergic drugs e.g. SSRI (Fluoxetine) or TCA( Clomipramine)

CBT

Psychosurgery

18
Q

Define PTSD?

A

Delayed or protracted reaction to a stressor of exceptional severity

Meaning its so bad it would upset/stress anyone

19
Q

What kind of events can trigger ptsd?

A 
combat
Disasters
Rape/assault
Torture
Etc
20
Q

What are the major features of PTSD?

A

1) Hyperarousal - persistant anxiety, irritability, insomnia & poor conc
2) Re-experience phenomena - flashbacks or nightmares
3) Avoidance of reminders

21
Q

What risk factors predispose you to PTSD?

A
  • Mood disorders
  • Previous trauma (Esp childhood)
  • Low social support
  • Female
  • Genetics
  • Life threatening stressor
  • Greater exposure to stressor
22
Q

What factors can protect against PTSD? aka protective factors!!

A

Higher educational/social group

Good paternal relationship

23
Q

What do we do to prevent PTSD?

A

Screen disaster survivors at 1 month

IF they have mild symptoms we review them in another month

If they’re more severe we send straight to CBT

24
Q

How do we treat PTSD?

A

CBT
EMDR (Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing)
SSRIs/TCAs

25
Q

What are the common symptoms of psychological arousal?

A
  • Irritablity
  • Low concentration
  • Sensitivity to noise
  • Worrying thoughts
26
Q

Give some examples of autonomic symptoms which may present

A

GI

  • Nausea
  • Motile stools
  • Difficulty swallowing

CVS

  • increased pulse
  • Heart skips a beat

Resp
- Tight chest

GU

  • frequency and urgency
  • Amennorrhea/ dysmennorea
  • Erectile failure

CNS

  • Dizziness
  • Sweating
27
Q

what is the basis of psychological model of stress

A

depends on individuals ability to

  • Analyse a problem
  • Cope with a problem
28
Q

What are hallucinations in PTSD called?

A

pseudohallucinations

Psychiatry (22 decks)

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