ANXIETY DISORDERS

Question 1

anxiety symptoms

Answer 1

• sleep disturbance
• nausea
• lack of appetite
• restless
• dizzyness
• racing heart
• trembling
• sweating/shivering

Question 2

stress response (physical changes)

Answer 2

• create readiness for action
• increased muscle tension/breathing
• raised blood pressure
• disgestive changes
• release of adrenalin

Question 3

stress response (psychological changes)

Answer 3

• thinking becomes more focused

- emotional changes - more irritable/heightened sense of well-being

Question 4

stress response (behavioural changes)

Answer 4

fight or flight response (e.g. escape or increased vigilance)

Question 5

physical changes of long-term stress

Answer 5

sensations become unpleasant, painful and embarrassing

Question 6

psychological changes of long-term stress

Answer 6

thinking becomes too focused on worry/negative thoughts

Question 7

behavioural changes of long-term stress

Answer 7

avoidance leads to loss of self-confidence

Question 8

when does stress become a problem?

Answer 8

if a cycle is created that perpetuates stress

Question 9

maintaining stress cycles

Answer 9

• bodily - stress signs can be alarming leading to greater anxiety
• psychological - biased thinking (e,g. black and white thinking, overgeneralising)
• behavioural - aviodance
• social - circumstances (e.g. stressful work environment, unemployment)

Question 10

diagnosis of anxiety from patient perspective

Answer 10

• seek answers to what they are experiencing

- potentially labelled with something stigmatizing

Question 11

anxiety: continuum or categorical?

Answer 11

• anxiety extension of normal mood continuum?

- anxiety disorders - distinct entities?

Question 12

biological aetiology of anxiety disorders

Answer 12

• genes make some more susceptible (drobant et al., 2012)
• genetics - SLCGA short ver transports serotonin less effectively (smoller et al., 2009)
• lowered neurotransmitter levels

Question 13

social aetiology of anxiety disorders

Answer 13

• early life adversity (gunner + fisher, 2006)
• stressful events (e.g. threat/trauma)
• loneliness (flensborg-madson et al., 2012)

Question 14

psychological aetiology of anxiety disorders

Answer 14

• low mood
• coping styles - increased emotion-focused coping
• lower perceived control
• personality factors - some traits may predispose some anxiety disorders