Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
name 3 models of stress
> biomechanical
medico-physiological
psychological
what is the psychological model of stress?
an individuals reaction to stress depends on a balance between their cognitive processing of any perceived threat and a perceived inability to cope
what coping strategies are there to psychological stress?
> problem focused: effort directed towards modifying stressor
emotion focused: modifying emotional reaction to the stressor (denial or relaxation)
describe the psychological arousal reaction to stress
> irritability > fearful anticipation > noise sensitivity > poor concentration > worrying thoughts
what effect does muscle tension due to stress have?
> tremor
headache
pain
how does stress affect the GI system?
> dysphagia
dry mouth
dyspepsia
loose motions
how does stress affect the resp. system?
> tight chest
> difficulty inhaling
how does stress affect the CVS system?
> chest pain
> palpations
how does stress affect the urinary system?
> frequency
urgency
erectile dysfunction
amenorrhoea
how does stress affect the CNS system?
> dizziness
> sweating
how does stress affect sleep?
> night terrors
waking
initial insomnia
what are the effects of hyperventilation?
> hypocapnia
numbness to extremities (carpopedal spasm)
breathless
what is the presentation of generalised anxiety disorder?
persistent (months) of anxiety symptoms not confined to a situation or an object
what is the differential diagnosis in generalised anxiety disorder?
> depression > schizophrenia > dementia > substance misuse > thyrotoxicosis > pheochromocytoma > hypoglycaemia > asthma > arrhythmias
true or false
men are more effected by generalised anxiety disorder than women
false
what management is there for generalised anxiety disorder?
> counselling - explanation - education > relaxation training > cognitive behaviour therapy > SSRI's [SETRALINE] (> sedation though this has high dependency)
what are phobic anxiety disorders?
same features as GAD but confined to specific circumstances
> specific phobia
> social phobias
> agrophobia
what management is available for phobic anxiety disordes?
> CBT
education and advice
SSRI’s [sertraline]
how does OCD present?
experiencing recurrent obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive acts that > will prevent harm > pointless > unpleasant > individuals own thoughts
if there is an attempt to resist there is anxiety
does OCD affect more men than women?
no it affects both men and women equally
what management is available for OCD?
> psychosurgery > CBT > serotonergic drugs - SSRI's [sertraline] - TCA [clomipramine] > involve family
name some vulnerability factors of PTSD
> lack of social support
previous trauma
mood disorder
higher education
what is PTSD?
delayed or protracted reaction to a stress of exceptional severity
what are the 3 elements of PTSD?
> avoidance - numbness - diminished interest - avoidance - recall difficulties > re-experience phenomena - intense intrusive images - on background of anhedonia > hyperarousal - persistent anxiety - irritability - insomnia - poor concentration
what is the management for PTSD?
> screened at 1 month > mild: watchful waiting > severe: CBT > eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing > SSRI [fluoxetine]
