Affective Disorders Flashcards
what is a mood disorder?
disorders of mental status and function where altered mood is core feature
what would suggest that the depression has become a mood disorder rather than an emotion?
> impairment of function
specific symptoms and signs
persuasiveness of symptoms
persistence of symptoms
name some mood changes in depression
> low mood
anxiety
perplexity
anhedonia
how does depression affect thought content?
> worthlessness > guilt > hopelessness > neurotic symptomology (panic attacks) > ideas of reference (normal events with negative associations with you) > delusions and hallucinations
what physical changes occur in depression?
> loss of appetite > loss of libido > pain > constipation > lack of energy > insomnia > agitation > retarded motor function
what social affects does depression have?
> loss interest > irritability > apathy > withdrawal > loss of concentration > loss of confidence
what is the ICD-10 classification of depression?
> no hypermanic episodes in life
2 weeks
not attributed to psychoactive substances
exclude psychotic illness if psychotic symptoms are present
what is the ICD-10 classification of somatic syndrome?
> loss of interest in activities > lack of emotion > waking 2 hours before normal > loss of weight/appetite/libido > depression worse in the morning
what is the ICD-10 classification of mild depression?
at least 2 of:
> abnormal depressed mood almost every day for 2 weeks
> loss of pleasure
> decreased energy
at least 4 of > appetite change > recurrent suicidal thoughts > decreased concentration > guilt > loss of confidence > agitation > sleep disturbance
what is the ICD-10 classification of moderate depression?
at least 2 of:
> abnormal depressed mood almost every day for 2 weeks
> loss of pleasure
> decreased energy
at least 6 of > appetite change > recurrent suicidal thoughts > decreased concentration > guilt > loss of confidence > agitation > sleep disturbance
what is the ICD-10 definition of severe depression?
all of:
> abnormal depressed mood almost every day for 2 weeks
> loss of pleasure
> decreased energy
at least 8 of > appetite change > recurrent suicidal thoughts > decreased concentration > guilt > loss of confidence > agitation > sleep disturbance
true or false
there is an increase in psychiatric admission in the first 30 days after giving birth
true
what is the differential diagnosis of depression?
> normal reaction to life event > dysthymia > cyclothymia > bipolar > stroke > tumour > hypothyroidism > drugs
name 3 classes of antidepressants
> selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
tricyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
what physical treatment exists for depression?
> ECT
deep brain stimulation
psychosurgery
what psychological treatment exists for depression?
> cognitive behavioural therapy
interpersonal therapy
family therapy
what measurement tools exist for assessing depression?
> structural clinical interview for DSM disorders
> schedules for clinical assessment in neurosurgery
what is mania?
pathological inappropriate elevated mood similar to the effects of mentally stimulating drugs
what is the ICD-10 classification of hypomania?
> no psychosis > mild elevation of mood for several days > increased: - activity -talkativeness - energy - overfamiliarity - sociability > irritable > decreased concentration > new interests > mild overspending > does not cause severe disruption
what is the ICD-10 classification of mania?
> can be psychosis > 1 week > severe enough to disrupt social and work life > increased - mood - energy -activity > pressure of speech > decreased need for sleep > grandiosity > disinhibition > alteration of senses > irritability
give a psychiatric differential diagnosis for mania
> mixed affective state > schizophrenia > schizoaffective disorder > ADHD > cyclothymia > drugs/alcohol
give a medical differential diagnosis for mania
> hyperthyroidism > cushings > neurosyphilis > epilepsy > tumour > AIDS > MS > stroke
what treatment options are there for mania?
> lithium
ECT
antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone)
mood stabilisers (carbamazepine)
what is bipolar disorder?
repeated 2+ episodes of depression, mania or hypomania
true or false
bipolar disorder affects males more than females
false it affects both equally
what is the mean age of onset of bipolar disorder?
21 years
what age rage is there a risk for depression?
18-44 years
what associations are there with depression?
> lower educational attainment
genetics
life events
