Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
Anxiety prevalence is typically higher in females than males (T/F)
True
What are most effective treatments for anxiety?
1) CBT
2) Behavioral treatments
Anxiety is rarely comorbid with other disorders (T/F)
False
How does “fear” differ from “anxiety”?
Fear is the reaction to real or perceived threat (“danger” + “present”)
Anxiety is apprehension/negative emotions about upcoming event (“no danger” + “future”)
What components make up the “three-response system” of anxiety?
1) Physical: increased HR; fatigue
2) Behavioral: avoidance, twitching
3) Cognitive: thoughts of being scared; worries about appearing foolish
How is the anxiety loop self-reinforcing?
Anxiety leads to avoidance of anxious situation leading to short term relief from anxiety but long-term anxiety growth
List out all the types of anxieties
1) Separation Anxiety Disorder
2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
3) Specific Phobia
4) Agoraphobia
5) Social Anxiety Disorder
6) Panic Disorder
7) OCD
8) Selective Mutism
What is the most common form of separation anxiety?
Being apart from parents and/or away from home
What are the DSM symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder?
- Distress about losing attachment figures
- Being alone
- Repeated nightmares about separation
- Physical symptoms when facing separation
Separation Anxiety Disorder has an early age of onset (T/F)
True
Rates for School Refusal between boys and girls is equal (T/F)
True
What are possible causes for School Refusal?
- Anxiety (separation anxiety)
- Interpersonal problems (peer judgments)
- Lack of motivation (poor understanding of academics)
- Rewards outside of school (access to games and television)
How does Negative Reinforcement maintain School Refusal?
Removal of aversive stimulus (i.e., school) by being allowed to not go reinforces behavior of not attending school
In people with OCD, obsessions are the _____ and compulsions are the ______
Thoughts and Behaviors
Define the term “flooding”
Repetitive and extreme exposure to source of anxiety
Give a general definition for the term “systematic desensitization”
Pairing incompatible response to anxiety (relaxation!) with anxiety-provoking stimulus
What is step 1 in systematic desensitization?
Construction of anxiety hierarchy: client identifies situations that provoke most anxiety as well as one that provokes none (0-rating)
What is step 2 in systematic desensitization?
Relaxation training: teach clients ways to relax themselves through cognitive techniques; ideally bring recording script
What is step 3 in systematic desensitization?
Graded exposure: gradual pairing of relaxation with items on anxiety hierarchy, either imaginary or in-vivo; scenes presented from most anxious to 0-rating; scenes presented repeatedly until client able to not feel anxious on most anxious scene for 3 tries
What is the single most important aspect of any treatment for anxiety caused by specific fears or phobias?
Exposure to anxiety-causing stimulus as early and as often as possible
What are the 4 main types of cognitive distortions?
1) Catastrophizing
2) Magnification and Minimization
3) Arbitrary inference
4) Overgeneralization
