Anxiety Disorder Flashcards
Panic Disorder
Symptoms- intense serge if anxiety, psychological worry and physical symptoms, tachycardia, tight chest, shaking, dizziness and nausea
Treatment- management of panic attack, stay with the person, breathin coaching
long term- CBT, education
Social Phobia
Symptoms- pronounced, persistent fear of social situations, especially where they fear criticism regarding failure, performance
Treatment-
Agoraphobia
Symptoms- fear of not being able to escape an area e.g. mall if becoming anxious.
Treatment- panic management
Specific Phobia
Symptoms- disappropriate fear of risk to an object or situation poses.
Treatment- CBT with gradual exposure
Adjustment Disorder
Symptoms- intense stress response to a potential or actual serious illness or significant event
Treatment- support of psychological stress/distress
mindful, solution focused nursing no need for pharmacological intervention
Acute Stress Disorder
Symptoms- similar to PTSD except shorter time frame of symptoms exhibited
Treatment- trauma focused CBT
Post Traumatic-Stress Disorder
Symptoms- presents following direct witness to a traumatic event
Treatment- trauma focused CBT, trauma focused therapy, SSRI’s or SNIR’s potentially
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Symptoms- intrusive thoughts that become obsessed with associated behaviour aim to reduce feelings of anxiety associated with thoughts
Treatment- CBT, SSIR’s
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms- constant, excessive worry that is not specific
Treatment- education and active monitoring non-facilitated self-help, guided self-help, CBT, SSRI
applied relaxation
Outline causes of anxiety disorder
genes, trauma, and nurture
Panic Attack
Symptoms- feeling of doom, death, or panic. increased heart rate, increase resps BP, pupils dilate, chest pains, tingling in extremities
Nursing management- remain with the person, remain calm, reasure they will not faint, die or loose control, encourage to continue breathing
Hyperventilation
Symptoms- rapid, shallow breathing, may be associated with dizziness, tingling in extremities
Nursing management- guided breathing, paper bag, cupped hands.
Therapeutic/interpersonal use of self; Anxiety
psychoeducation, relaxation and distraction, mindfulness, validation of experience, encouraging social support, trauma informed care.
Cognitive behavioural therapy; Anxiety
helps make sense of consumers experiences, values, beliefs, attitudes and day to day thoughts in the context of emotional and behavioral response.
Antidepressants; Anxiety
useful in managing associated mood disorders. do not provide an immediate response
Mood stabilizers; Anxiety
useful in managing associated mood disorder do not provide an immediate response
Anti-anxiolytics; Anxiety
short term management only. can be sedating and addictive
Levels of anxiety
normal
- perceptual field is open, person is in a relaxed state, calm voice, direct and purposeful in action, positive feelings of security, solid levels of confidence and satisfaction
moderate
- perceptual field narrows and the person is less conscious of the other factors around them but good for learning as focus on solving the problems/ issues intensifies.
severe
- perception is restricted, difficulty in solving problems, become agitated, disorganised, behaviour reflects this, pacing, hand wringing fidgeting, sweating, trembling and dizzy.
panic levels
- destructive, person is unable to execute simple motor tasks, fumbles and disorganised, cloudy thinking
What is anxiety
- normal, anxiety affects everyone
- common
- uncomfortable, distressing
- progressive levels of anxiety
Characteristics of anxiety
- anxiety is red by fear (without fear you cannot have anxiety. even if fear is not triggered by a specific object, there has to be a fear of something for anxiety to be triggered in the first place)
- influenced by need to control fear
- encourages avoidance of fearful stimuli
Epidemiology
- anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders experienced by adults in NZ
- influenced by socioeconomic circumstances
- PTSD most common
- least common OCD
- Gender; male to female @ 1;2
- age of onset variable
- highest rate of co-morbidity with substance use
Aetiology
causes remain contentious
- 2 main theories; biological and learning
biological theories
evolutionary argument- we remain predisposed to fear and what our ancestors feared, a safety mechanism to protect is from predators
genetic inheritance- anxiety disorder, particularly panic disorders do run in families, research indicates a 3-to-5 fold increase risk in first degree relatives developing an anxiety disorder
altered brain chemistry- neurotransmitters not flowing or being absorbed properly may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system activating the fight or flight mechanism
learning theories
- cognition theory- result of a chain of events whereby a trigger in the environment leads to the person thinking in distorted ways exacerbating anxious feelings and behaviours. catastrophizing and avoiding situations that are likely to invoke anxiety
socio-ecological theory- the environment as well as social events create stress. while some stress is necessary as per moderate levels, high levels can lead to an overload on the mind and body depleting coping mechanisms leading to a breakdown. sometimes stress breakdowns manifest in physical ways (illness) and sometimes psychological (anxiety)
