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psychology > anxiety and self confidence 1 > Flashcards

anxiety and self confidence 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

two types of anxiety

A

somatic and cognitive

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2
Q

somatic anxiety

A

conditioned response to competition = neurons- muscle contractions - hr - breathing

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3
Q

cognitive anxiety

A

marked by worry - narrowing perceptual fields - loss pf awareness

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4
Q

three main theories of arousal

A

drive theory - Hull 1943
catastrophe theory - Hardy 1990
Inverted u hypothesis - Yerkes 1908

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5
Q

multidimensional anxiety theory

author - explanation- how it is measured

A

Martens 1990
different components of anxiety and performance
cognitive/somatic/self-confidence

measured by competitive state anxiety inventory - 2

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6
Q

what has woodman 2003 found about anxiety performance relationship

A

anxiety affected males more than females
male: cognitive, medium negative effect on performance where as women only have small

anxiety effects high performance athletes= due to varacility of performance-
lower standard- performance is more variable

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7
Q

what has Jones 1993 found about anxiety performance relationship

A

worked with gymnasts looking at interpretation of symptoms and intensity and direction for anxiety

higher performers find it beneficial

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8
Q

process efficiency theory

A

Eysenck 1992

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9
Q

what is the process efficiency theory

A

anxiety effects processing efficiency, mediated by working memory resources rather than task effectiveness

anxious athletes have to work harder to maintain same level of performance

impairs efficiency more than effectiveness

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10
Q

difference between effectiveness and efficiency

A

effectiveness - quality of performance

efficiency - performance effort

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11
Q

trait anxiety theory

author and study

A

Smith 2001
volleyball layers
high anxiety - threat becomes critical to win - performance drops off
put a lot more effort in - even though they did not perform aswell

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12
Q

factors affecting A-P relationship (3)

A

trait anxiety
ego depletion
perceived pressure

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13
Q

perceived pressure

A

pijers 2005

identical traverse climb - low pressure vs high pressure
used anxiety thermometer as a measure
found greater climbing time, muscle fatigue, less smooth displacement of COG.

manifest of behaviour effects cognitive/tired/less efficient.

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14
Q

ego depletion

author and study

A

Englert 2012

basketball free throws/dart throwing
how self control strength and state anxiety interact to predict sport performance participants with depleted self control strength performed worse in specific tasks as their anxiety increased.

when personal resources are depleted = less put into sibsident task
glucose=cortisol=not enough glucose = less efficient at making decisions and precision allocation.

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15
Q

how can ego depletion

A

increasing self control strength could reduce negative anxiety effects in sports and improve athletes performance under pressure.

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16
Q

attentional control theory
(author and study)

what are the three main effects?

A

Eynseck 2007

shifting/inhibiting/updating
juggerling a lot of information at the same time - stimulous driven attentional drive = what we choose to look at

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17
Q

what is shifting ?

A

shifting back and forth between multiple tasks, operations, or mental stress

miyakee 2000

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18
Q

what is Inhibition ?

A

ones ability to deliberately inhibit dominant, autonomic or proponent responses when necessary

miyakee 2000

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19
Q

what is updating?

A

updating and monitoring of working memory representations

miyakee 2000

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20
Q

how many hypothesis is there to the attentional control theory ?

A

6

21
Q

anxiety and executive functioning

author - study

A

petra - 2013

shifting and inhibiton efficiently negatively related to state and trait anxiety
trait - anxious people are better at updateing

22
Q

anxiety and visual attention

A

Nieuwenhuys, 2008

climbers - same route different height - low and high stress

more movements undertaken when stressed
more eye fixations and increased duration of fixations
onset and duration of quiet eye effects performance

23
Q

higher cognitive ad somatic anxiety found when in high threat conditions when confidence is lower

A

Wilson 2009

basketball free throw

accuracy si worst within high threat condition
earlier and longer QE period with control condition/ also more successful shots
high threat conditions = more fixations and misses + shorter fixations

24
Q

distraction and visual attraction

A

wood 2010

particiants spent more time looking at the ball of the keeper or goal
shots controlled when goalkeeper was moving
keeper saved more often when he moved

25
Q

anxiety task interactions

A

Nibberling 2012

higher anxiety in HA condition - also higher in novices
HR also higher in HA conditions - lower in novices

novices dart throwing accuracy determined in HA conditions, experts did not

HA= dart throwing times increased
reduced fixation duration on bulls eye under HA condition

higher gaze behaviour in HA
final fixation onset later in HA conditions

26
Q

changes in QE at point of failure

A

Vine 2013

higher cognitive anxiety in shootout relative to baseline
longer preparation phase for first putts relative to penultimate ones
total QE duration shorter for final puts than for first and penultimate one

27
Q

anxiety and anticipation in tennis

A

Cocks 2016

processing efficiency was lower in HA conditions

28
Q

there is a consistent …….relationship between ……… anxiety and …….performance

A

negative
cognitive
sport

29
Q

the relationship between …….. and ……. is positive

A

confidence

performance

30
Q

What is act ?

A

anxiety impairs processing efficiency to a greater extent than performance effectiveness on tasks requiring executive function

31
Q

anxiety activates stimulus driven attentional ….

A

system to a greater extent

32
Q

anxiety impairs the ability …

A

to focus on task -relevant stimuli

33
Q

antecedents of self efficacy ?

A 
successful performance 
social persuasion 
imaginal experiences 
vicarious experiences 
perceptions of ones emotional state
34
Q

intervention strategies

A

emotional - mental rehearsal physical relaxation
vicarious experiences
social/verbal persuasion
imaginal experiences - self modelling

35
Q

banduara 1977

A

self efficacy is the belief in ones ability to successfully perform the behaviour in question successfully

36
Q

what are the 4 inputs to self efficacy judgments

A

performance accomplishments

vicarious experiences

social persuasion

physiological and emotional states

37
Q

social cognitive theory

A

outcomes and expectations = associated confidence in ability = situation specific

38
Q

self efficacy predicts physical performance

A

helper & chase (2008)
single item measure for decision SE on a fielding scenarios
#decision making #field task #task self efficacy
nether type of se predicted physical performance
13% variance in physical performance scores were predicted by strength of dm and se

but decision se does not predict dm performance

39
Q

collective efficacy

A

Dunlop 2011

looks into the beliefs of people around you and their ability = effects your own performance

using verbal persuasion they artificially decreased individuals self efficacy
partner enhanced condition out performed those in partner inhibited condition believe yourself good and partner good = performed better
no effect of se on performance

40
Q

who found a significant correlation between se and collective efficacy scores and between ce and performance improvement over time ?

A

Son 2011

group focused self talk responded higher SE than control and improved collective efficacy, greater confidence in self or other person = creates a better performance = work harder in partners than groups of 6 +

bigger performance improvement within group focused self talk, helps enhance reputation of team round you

41
Q

Both SE management and se strength correlated with performance

A

beatie 2011

looked into golfers and putting

performance improved over blocks of putts as did se magnitude and strength
previous se magnitude had marginally significant negative relationship

42
Q

who looked into basketball players and how se leads to decision making

A

helper and fitz 2012

se was sole predictor of participants tendency to make correct decisions with playing experience and bb knowledge also as a predictor
particiants with high se generated fewer options that of those with lower confidence in ones own ability

43
Q

how athletes concentrate on verbal persuasion it may improve their se = performance further

A

Weinburg 2012

all participants undertook a set of self talk improved their performance
but no significant group differences witin post experimental questionnaire

44
Q

practice satisfaction is alos important = good preparation may enhance se controversy with bandura model

A

Bruten 2013

= experience did not seem to contribute to se
lower handicap = higher set efficacy

45
Q

self efficacy may be a good predictor of ….

A

…physical, not c=dm performance
improved se individuals tend to make more efficient decisions
helper 2012

46
Q

beatie 2011

A

one can be over confident

47
Q

combination of self set motivational an instructional self talk can…

A

….increase se and consequently performance in gross motor skill such as distance running

48
Q

se can be easily increased with …

A

…appropriate verbal feedback and video self modelling (long term not short) Jennings 2013

psychology (3 decks)

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