Anxiety

Question 1

Obsessions

Answer 1

Recurrent, persistent, unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses
Intrusive causes distress

Question 2

Compulsions

Answer 2

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts–feels driven to perform in response to obsession; neutralizes obsessive thoughts; temporary relief; not performing causes increase anxiety.

Question 3

Differentiating expected anxiety from disorders

Answer 3

a. Intensity- how intense is this is based on their developmental age.
b. Impairment- impairs social
c. Ability to recover- after exposure→ are they able to recover quickly.

Question 4

Theories of how fears develop

Answer 4

a. Differentiate between psychodynamic (fears may develop as we suppress an impulse); learned theory (a fear response is often learned by an experience or adaptation in history→ learned through the responses by others);
b. Biological—trauma (hippocampus doesn’t store memories in the same way→ PTSD→ memories aren’t being encoded correctly)

Question 5

Behavioral Inhibition

Answer 5

tendency to be unusually withdrawn or timid and to show fear and withdrawal from novel situations or unfamiliar social or nonsocial situations.
Children are more likely to have multiple psychiatric disorders and two or more anxiety disorders (Agoraphobia, SAD, and avoidant disorder)

RISK FACTOR FOR ANXIETY DISORDER

Question 6

Hippocampus

Answer 6

Storage of sensory information; very sensitive to stress

Threat alters the ability of the hippocampus and connected cortical areas to store certain types of cognitive informations (verbal) but not nonverbal information.

Question 7

Amygdala

Answer 7

Receives neural projections from many areas and plays a central role in orchestrating the brain’s response to sensory input by sending projections to motor, autonomic, and neuroendocrine systems

Question 8

Changes in c/a anxiety diagnoses between DSM 4 and DSM 5

Answer 8

One big anxiety section→ now anxiety (GAD, SAD), then OCD (mood), and PTSD sections.

Question 9

Risk Factors and protective factors

Answer 9

Behaviorally inhibited
Offspring of parent with anxiety d/o
Insecure attachment relationships with caregivers

Question 10

Panic Attacks

Answer 10

NOT A DISORDER
1 in 40 adults experience them
A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort, in which 4 or more of the following develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes:
palpatations
sweating
trembling
shortness of breath
feeling of choking
chest pain
nausea
derealization 
fear of dying 

3 Characteristics types of panic: unexpected, situation bound, situationally predisposed.

Question 11

Panic Disorder

Answer 11

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
At least of one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month or more of the following:
persistent concern about having additional attacks; worry about the implications of the attack of its consequences; a significant change in behavior related to attacks

Preoccupation with future attacks
Avoiding places or situations where the child thinks a Panic Attack may occur
Worry about being trapped in places where help would be unavailable if an attack occurred.

Can occur with AGORAPHOBIA (fear of open spaces, clusters of situations that include being outside the home alone, in a crowd).

Comorbid with MDD, Social phobia, GAD, specific phobia, and OCD, PTSD, and SAD

Question 12

When anxiety disorder develops

Answer 12

13% of 9-17 yo

Question 13

GAD

Answer 13

Excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months–difficult to control worry.
Restlessness; easily fatigued; difficulty concentrating; irritability; sleep disturbance; somatic symptoms (sweating); comorbid with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and SUDS.

One-year prevalence is 3% and lifetimes is 5%.

Chronic, excessive worry in a number of areas. with at least one somatic symptom.

Question 14

Selective Mutism

Answer 14

Consistent failure to speak in a specific social situations; duration of at least 1 month; teasing by peers; ODD, social isolation, clinging, negativism; onset is usually before age 5.

Question 15

SAD

Answer 15

Developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached; duration of 4 weeks; prevalence is 4% in children; earliest age of onset among anxiety disorders; children often come from single-parent and low SES homes

Excessive distress, worry about losing figures, reluctance to attend school/to be alone/sleep alone; repeated complaints of physical symptoms

Question 16

Social Anixety

Answer 16

Particularly scared in social or performance situations

fear of embarrassment, trouble speaking in class, reading aloud, conversing with people they don’t know, and attending parties and social gatherings.