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Neuro III > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anxiety disorders?

A
  • agoraphobia
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • selective mutism
  • separation anxiety disordersocial anxiety disorder (social phobia)
  • specific phobia
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2
Q

What are the Obsessive-Compulsive related disorders?

A
  • body dysmorphic disorder
  • excoriation disorder(skin picking)
  • hoarding disorder
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder)
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3
Q

What are the trauma & related disorders?

A
  • acute stress disorder
  • adjustment disorder
  • disinhibited social engagement disorder
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
  • reactive attachment disorder
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4
Q

What is the criteria for separation anxiety disorder?

A
  • Inappropriate fesr of being separated from an important attachment figue in the individual’s life (3+ of the following)
    • physical symptoms d/t thought of being separated or actually being separated
    • excessive distress at though of being away from home or actually being away from home
    • excessive fear of something happening to the individual causing them to be away from their attachment figure
    • reluctance of fear of leaving of leaving the home for fear of becoming separated from the attachment figure (ie. going to school / work)
    • reluctance of fer to sleep away from attachment figure
    • reluctance & fear to be alone without attachment figure
    • nightmares with theme of separation
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5
Q

What is the term for the following situation:

minimum of one month of consistently refraining from speaking in specific social situations where one is customarily expected to conerse such as school or work. Individual converses freely in other settings.

A

selective mutism

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6
Q

What is the term for the following situation:

excessive or unreasonable fear regarding a specific item or activity

A

specific phobia

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7
Q

What is the term for the following situation:

Excessive or unreasonable fear of apearing in public or before a social group. Physicla symptoms of anxiousness occur at the thought of the activity. Must have at least 6 mo. duration.

A

social phobia/social anxiety disorder

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8
Q

Selective mutism requires a minimum of what time frame?

A

one month

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9
Q

Social phobia / social anxiety disorder requires the duration of at least what duration?

A

6 months

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10
Q

In children, anxiety may be expressed in what ways?

A

tantrums, freezing, clinging, failing to speak

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11
Q

What point does a fear become a phobia/?

A

when the fear is disproportionate ot the real danger or discomfort caused by ieas, objects, places & situations

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12
Q

What are the most common fears that bring people into the psychiatrist office?

A

driving over bridges

flying

riding in elevators or on escalators

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13
Q

What are the criteria for a panic disorder?

A

discrete period of intense fear with at least 4 of the following:

  • racing heart
  • sweating
  • tremulousness
  • shortnes of reath
  • tightness in the throat
  • chest pain
  • nausea
  • dizziness
  • fear of going crazy
  • fear of dying
  • numbness or tingling
  • chills or hot flashes
  • feeling of not being oneself or life isn’t real

after the panic episode there must be a persisten concern of having another panic episode or significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attack

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14
Q

What is the

“fear of the marketplace” - an individual who is affraid they will be caught somewhere away from home & will feel a sense of panic and will not be able to extricate himself / herself from this place - causing extreme distress

A

agoraphobia

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15
Q

Hos is agoraphobia characterized?

A

fear / anxiety about 2+

  • using public transportation
  • being in open spaces
  • being in enclosed places
  • standign in line or being in a crowd
  • being outside of the home

often unable to leave home & becoem “homebound”

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16
Q

What is the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder?

A

excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about many activities such as work or school (3+ (1 in children) in 6 months)

  • restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
  • easily fatigued
  • difficulty concentrating or reporting the mind goign blank
  • irritability
  • muscle tension
  • sleep disturbance
17
Q

What disorder is characterized by:

repetitive intrusive thoughts, images or impulses that they recognize as the product of their own mind an that generates anxiety & requires an action or thought to callm the initial repetitive thought to calm the anxiety

A

Obsessive Compulsive disorder

18
Q

What are compulsions?

A

repetitive behaviors or mental acts

19
Q

What is true about the obsessions & compulsions in OCD?

How frequently do they have to occur for diagnosis?

A

purpose of the compulsions is to prevent some dreaded event from occurring

adult OCD sufferer recognizes both the obsessions & compulsions are foolish

at least one hour of the patient’s time in a day

20
Q

What are the 4 most common types of obsessions & compulsions?

A
  1. Fear of germs - washing/cleaning
  2. doubt - checking/confessing
  3. symmetry - organizing
  4. object value - hoarding
21
Q

What condition is characterized by:

preoccupation with one or more perceived defects/flaws in their physical apearance that are NOT observable to others. Individual engages in repetitive behaviors or repetitive though processes in response to these concerns

A

body dysmorphic disorder

22
Q

What conditon is characterized by:

persisting dificulty with discarding items, regardless of their value. Due to perceibed need to save the items & is due to the distress that occurs at the thought of discarding the items. This results in the accumulation of items causing congestion & clutter making living areas compromised for intended use

A

Hoarding Disorder

23
Q

What conditon is characterized by recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resultin in har loss - repeated attempts to decrease or discontinue the hair pulling

A

trichotillomanis

24
Q

What are the components of reactive attachment disorder?

A
  • consistent pattern of emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregivers via
    • child rarely seeks comfort when distressed
    • child rarely respondso to comfort when given (when distressed)
  • and 2+:
    • minimal social/emotional responsiveness to others
    • limited positive affect
    • episodes unexplained irritability, sadness, fearfulness tha toccr even during nonthreatening interactions w/ adult caregivers

evident before age of 5 yrs

25
Q

What are the causes of reactive attachment disorder?

A

child has experienced a pattern of extreme insufficient care as evidenced by at least one:

  • caregivers failed to provide basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation, affectoin
  • repeated changes of primary caregivers, limiting opportunities to form stable attachments
  • rearing in non-home-like settings that limit opportunities to form selective attachments
26
Q

What are the characteristics of disinhibited social engagement disorder?

A

pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches & interacts with unfamiliar adults & exhibits 2+:

  • reduced / absent hesitance or interact with unfamiliar adults
  • being overly familiar verbally or physically
  • decreased or absent checking back with adult caregiver after venturing away, even in unfamiliar settings
  • willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation

[not AHDH impusivity]

[patient has experienced insufficient child care/rearing]

27
Q

What is the term for:

trauma perceived as life-threatening creates nightmares and daily intrusive thoughts (flashbacks) to the trauma

A

Acute Stress Disorder / PTSD

28
Q

What are the difference between Acute Stress Disorder & PTSD?

A
  • ASD
    • lasts minimum 2 days - no more than 4 weeks & occurs within 4 weeks of traumatic event
  • PTSD
    • minimum one month’s duration -
    • delayed onset
      • if onset of symptoms do not fully occur until after 6 months of the event
29
Q

What is the diagnostic criterai for Acute Stress Disorder?

A

patients have witnessed a life-threatening event or perceibed it to be such - resultin in intense fear, horror, or helplessness and 3+

  • loss of awareness of surrounding environment
  • loss of emotional responsiveness (ie. detached or numb)
  • feeling as if no longer themselves (depersonalization)
  • feeing as if they no longer exist in a real world (derealization)
  • shutting down memory on experiencing thoughts of the traumatic event (traumatic amnesia)

Also, must re-experience the event from 2-30 days in 1+ following way:

  • dreams of the trauma (nightmares)
  • flashbacks of the trauma (revivification)
  • re-experiencign images of the trauma (flashbacks)
  • strong distress on being exposed to reminders of the event
  • thoughts of the trauma
  • visual cues misperceived as being the trauma (illusions)
30
Q

What characters confirms the diagnosis of PTSD?

A

Reminders of the event: individual contineus to have recurrent intrusive, distressing thoughts of the trauma either as dreams (nightmares), feeling as if the event were truly recurring (revivification), strong emotions, images (flashbacks), and/or thoughts.

Reminds of the even create intense psychological distress and/or re-ignite physical responses to the event

Avoidance of Reminders & Increased autonomic response since the event (difficulty falling asleep, traumatic paranoia, outbursts of anger & disturbance in ability to focus / concentrate0

31
Q

What are the hallmarks of boht acute stress disorder & post-traumatic stress disorder?

A
  • increased level of arousal - sleep & mood are disrupted
  • ease to anger & irritability
  • disrupted concentration
  • exaggerated startle response
  • traumatic paranoia - leading to hypervigilance to surroundings
  • restlessness
  • avoidance of any reminders of the traumatic event
32
Q

What disorder is characterize by:

development of emotional or behavior symptoms in response to a readily identifiable psychosocial stessor that has occured within the last 3 years

A
33
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for adjustment disorder?

A

distress is out of proportion tot he severity or intensity of the stressor

significant impairment in social or occupational functioning occurs

[once stressor has ceased / symptoms resolve within 6 months]

34
Q

What are the types of adjustment disorder?

A
  • with depressed mood
  • with anxiety
  • with mixed anxity and depressed mood
  • with disturbance of conduct
  • with mixed disturbance of emotions & conduct

Neuro III (14 decks)

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