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Neuro III > ADHD / Child & Adolescent Disorders > Flashcards

ADHD / Child & Adolescent Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the neurodevelopmental disorders?

A
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Motor Disorders
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2
Q

What are the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders?

A

oppositional defiant disorder

intermittenet explosive disorder

conduct disorder

antisocial personality disorder

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3
Q

What are the core components of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  1. deficits in social communication and social interaction
  2. presence of restricted-repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities
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4
Q

What percent of school aged children are affected by ADHD?

A

5-10%

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5
Q

What are the hallmarks of ADHD?

Key diagnostic elements?

A
  • developmentally inappropriate poor attention span

OR

  • age-inappropriate features of hyperactivity and impusivity

OR

  • both

persists at least 6 months, impairment in academic or social areas, occurs in child prior to age of 12 yrs old

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6
Q

What are the comorbitidies & confounders seen with ADHD?

A
  • anxiety disorder
  • bipolar disorder
  • depressive disorder
  • intermittent explosive disorder
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • post traumatic stress disorder
  • substance abuse disorder
  • tourette’s disorder
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7
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for inattentive ADHD?

A

6+ for >6 month

  1. fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in homework, work, or other activities
  2. has difficulties sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
  3. does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
  4. does not follow through instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace
  5. has difficulty organizing tasks & activities
  6. avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental efforts
  7. loses things necessary for tasks or activities
  8. easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
  9. forgetful in daily activities
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8
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for hyperactive/impulsive ADHD?

A

6+ for >6 mo.

  1. fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
  2. leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
  3. runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate
  4. has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
  5. “on the go” or often acts as if “driven by a motor”
  6. talks excessively
  7. blurts out answers before questions have been completed
  8. has difficulty awaiting turn
  9. interrupts or intrudes on others
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9
Q

What is a tic?

A

sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization

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10
Q

What tic disorder is characterized by:

  • both motor & vocal tics present ; but need not be present concurrently
  • tics may wax & wane but have persisted longer than 1 year since first tic onset
  • onest of tic is before age 18
A

Tourette’s Disorder

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11
Q

What tic disorder is characterized by:

  • either motor or vocal tics are present NOT both
  • tics may wax & wane, but they have persisted longer than one year since first tic onset
  • onset is before 18 years old
A

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

[criteria have never been met for tourette’s disorder]

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12
Q

What tic disorder is characterized by:

  • either motor and or vocal tics
  • the tic has been presented for less than one year since the first tic onset
  • onset is before age 18 yrs
A

Provisional Tic Disorder

[criteria have never been met for either tourette’s disorder or persistent motor or vocal tic disorder]

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13
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder?

A

4+ for >6mo.

< 5 yrs- most days

>5 yrs- once/week

Often..

  • loses temper
  • argues with adults
  • actively defies or refuses to comply with adults’ requests or rules
  • deliverately annoys people
  • blames others for his/her mistakes or misbehavior
  • is touchy or easily annoyed by others
  • is angry adn resentful
  • is spiteful or vindictive
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14
Q

What is meant by “angry/irritable mood”

A

often loses temper or is often touchy or easily annoyed or is often angry and resentful

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15
Q

What is meant by “argumentative/defiant behavior”?

A

argues with authority figures, often defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures, deliberately annoys others, often blames others for his/her mistakes

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16
Q

What is meant by “vindictive”?

A

has been spiteful or vindictive at least twice within the past 6 months

17
Q

What is the disorder characterized by:

recurrent behaviorla outbursts that represent an inability to control aggressive impulses, as either

1) verbal aggression or physical aggession toward property, animals or other people

OR

2) 3 bahavioral outbusts resulting in damage or destruction to property or physical assauls resulting in physicla injury to animals or people w/in 12 mo.

A

Intermittend explosive disorder

18
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for the

1) verbal aggression or physical aggession toward property, animals or other people in itnermittend explosive disorder?
2) 3 bahavioral outbusts resulting in damage or destruction to property or physical assauls resulting in physicla injury to animals or people w/in 12 mo.

A

1) verbal aggression or physical aggession toward property, animals or other people in itnermittend explosive disorder?

    • occurs at least 2/week for a period of 3 months
    • physical aggression does NOT result in damge or destruction to propterty or injury to animals or peopel

2) 3 bahavioral outbusts resulting in damage or destruction to property or physical assauls resulting in physicla injury to animals or people w/in 12 mo.

  • -magnitude of the aggressiveness is grossly out of proportion the provocation or precipitating psychosocial stressor
  • -aggression/outbutst is not premeditated
  • -individual is at least 6 years of age to be diagnosed
19
Q

Whta is the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder?

A

3+ in past 12 months or 1+ in past 6 mo.

  • aggression to peopel & animals (confrontational)
  • destruction of property
  • deceitfulness or theft
  • serious violatiosn of rules

childhood onset - one symptom before 10 yr

adolsecent onset - onset after 10 yr

20
Q

What disorder is characterized by a pervasie pattern of disregard for & violation of the rights of others?

A

antisocial personality disorddr

21
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder?

A
  • onset from at least age 15 yr (evidence of conduct disorder)
  • must be 18 yr to be diagnosed

AND 3+

  • failure to conform to social norms by repeatedly peerforming acts that are grounds for arrest
  • deceitfulness: repeated lying, using aliases, “conning” other for profit or pleasure
  • impulsivity/failur to plan ahead
  • irritability/aggressiveness: repeated physical fights or assaults
  • reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
  • consistent irresponsibility: failure to be consistent with work or to honor financial obligations
  • lack of remorse for one’s misdeeds: indifference or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
22
Q

What is the “ADHD continum”?

A

ADHD -> oppositional Defiant Disorder -> Conduct Disorder -> Antisocial Personality Disorder

23
Q

Axious School Refusal / school phobia is realted to what disorder?

A

separation anxiety

24
Q

What are the anxiety disorders seen in children?

A

separation anxiety disorder

selective mutis

specific phobia

social anxiety disorder

panic disorder

agoraphobia

generalized anxiety disorder

25
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for separation anxiety disorder?

A

age inappropriate fear of being separated from an important attachment figure in the individual’s life

3+

  • physical symptoms at either thought or act of being separated from attachment figure
  • excessive distress at the thought of being away from home or actually being away from home
  • excessive fear at the thought of losing the attachment figure or harm coming to them
  • excessive fear of something happening to the individual causing him/her to be away from their attachment figure
  • reluctance or fear of leaving the home for fear of becoming separated from the attachment figure (school / work)
  • reluctance or fear to sleep away from the attachment figure
  • reluctance and fear to be alone, without the attachment figure
  • nightmares with the theme of separation
26
Q

What disorder has the hallmar of:

behavior [typically temper outbursts] that is out of proportion with th estimulating situation. The outbursts are overdone in intensity or duration or both

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

27
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

A
  • must have had symptosm beign before age 10 yr & must have persisted for at least 12 months wihtout a consecutive 3 month respite from symptoms, and
  • symptoms have to occur in at least 2 of the childhood 3-settings of home, school, and peer group
  • must have inter-ictal (period between temper outbursts) mood of irritability or anger that is observable by others mos of the day, every day
  • diagnosis is not made before the age of 6 or after 18 yrs

Neuro III (14 decks)

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