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Pharmacology I Final Exam > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DOC for HSV?

A

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir

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2
Q

What is the DOC for VZV?

A

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir

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3
Q

What is the DOC for CMV or CMV+HSV?

A

Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir

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4
Q

What is the DOC for Hepatitis B?

A

Tenofovir

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5
Q

What is the MOA for Acyclovir/Valacyclovir? How is it activated, if at all?

A

Nucleoside analogue → Inhibit DNA synthesis

- Activated by viral thymidine kinase (phosphorylation)

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6
Q

What is the difference between Acyclovir and Valacyclovir?

A

Valacyclovir is oral and MORE bioavailable than Acyclovir

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7
Q

What is Acyclovir/Valacyclovir the DOC for (2)?

A
  • HSV

- VZV

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8
Q

What is the MOA for Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir?

A

Nucleoside analogue → Inhibit DNA synthesis

- Activated by viral kinases (phosphorylation)

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9
Q

What is the difference between Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir?

A

Valganciclovir is oral and MORE bioavailable than Ganciclovir

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10
Q

What is Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir the DOC for (2)?

A
  • CMV

- CMV + HSV

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11
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir?

A
  • Myelosuppression

- CNS issues

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12
Q

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir is fairly well-tolerated, but what is the one toxicity associated with it?

A

Nephrotoxic if HIGH IV dose (be sure to hydrate)

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13
Q

What two medications are the recommended treatments for CMV-resistant organisms? Why are these considered treatments for resistance (think MOA)?

A

Both are NOT phosphorylated by viral kinases (not at all or by host instead)

  • Foscarnet
  • Codofovir
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14
Q

What is the MOA for Foscarnet? How is it activated, if at all?

A

Directly binds to reverse transcriptase

- NO phosphorylation

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15
Q

What is the MOA for Codofovir? How is it activated, if at all?

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase

- Activated by host phosphorylation

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16
Q

What are the two primary drugs used to treat Influenza? What is the difference between the two (think administration)?

What is the MOA for both of these drugs?

A
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) = oral
  • Zanamivir (Relenza) = inhalation

MOA for both: inhibit neuramidase (virus not cleaved from host cell so cannot replicate)

17
Q

What is the primary toxicity associated with Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)? What is the primary toxicity associated with Zanamivir (Relenza)?

Hint: think about administration

A
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): GI issues (because oral)

- Zanamivir (Relenza): respiratory distress (because inhalation)

18
Q

At what age is Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) appropriate to administer? What about for Zanamivir (Relenza)?

A
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): >1 year

- Zanamivir (Relenza): >7 years

19
Q

What is an alternative treatment for influenza that is not Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or Zanamivir (Relenza)?

A 
Baloxavir Carboxyl (Xofluza)
- Just know it exists (also it is single dose)
20
Q

What is the primary drug used to treat RSV?

A

Ribavirin

21
Q

What is the MOA for Ribavirin?

A

Nucleoside analogue → Inhibits RNA polymerase

- Activated by host phosphorylation

22
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Ribavirin?

A
  • TERATOGENIC

- Workplace/occupation exposure (especially in healthcare)

23
Q

What is Tenofovir the DOC for?

A

Hepatitis B

24
Q

What are Entecavir and Lamivudine the second and third line treatments for?

A

Hepatitis B

25
Q

What is the MOA for Tenofovir, Entecavir and Lamivudine? What do all three treat?

A

Treat Hepatitis B

- MOA: inhibit HBV DNA polymerase

26
Q

What are the two medications used to treat Hepatitis C?

A
  • Harvoni (Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir)

- Epclusa (Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir)

27
Q

What is the MOA for both Harvoni (Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir) and Epclusa (Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir)? What are both used to treat?

A

Treat Hepatitis C

- MOA: nucleoside analogues → inhibit DNA replication and assembly

28
Q

What do Acyclovir/Valacyclovir, Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir, Cidofovir, Ribavirin, Harvoni (Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir) and Epclusa (Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir) all have in common?

A

ALL are nucleoside analogues

- Also treat viruses duh

Pharmacology I Final Exam (8 decks)

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