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Pharmacology I Final Exam > Antineoplastics (Cancer) > Flashcards

Antineoplastics (Cancer) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary MOR associated with the Antineoplastics (cancer medications)?

A

Drug efflux

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2
Q

When should Leucovorin be used BEFORE administering this medication?

What phase does this medication work in?

A

5-Fluorouracil

  • S-phase
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3
Q

When should Leucovorin be used AFTER administering these two medications?

What phase do these medications work in?

A
  • Methotrexate
  • 6-Mercaptopurine
  • S-phase
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4
Q

What are the four medications that utilize alkylating DNA as their MOA? What are they all used to treat?

A

Antineoplastics (cancer medications)

  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Carmustine
  • Cisplatin
  • Doxorubicin
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5
Q

What two diseases can Cyclophosphamide be used to treat?

A
  • Cancer

- Immunosuppression

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6
Q

What is the primary toxicity associated with Cyclophosphamide? How can this be prevented (2)?

A

Hemorrhage cystitis

- Prevent with MESNA and hydration

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7
Q

What does acrolein accumulation cause? What drug is this toxicity associated with?

A

Hemorrhage cystitis

- Toxicity of Cyclophosphamide

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8
Q

How do you prevent hemorrhage cystitis (2)?

A
  • MESNA

- Hydration

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9
Q

Which of the Antineoplastics (cancer medications) can cross the BBB?

A

Carmustine

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10
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Cisplatin?

A
  • Nephrotoxicity

- Acoustic nerve damage

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11
Q

What three medications have an MOA that affects cells in the S PHASE?

A
  • Methotrexate
  • 6-Mercaptopurine
  • 5-Fluorouracil
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12
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Methotrexate as a cancer medication? What is its other use?

A
  • Mucositis
  • Thrombocytopenia

Also used as an immunosuppressant

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13
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with 6-Mercaptopurine?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression

- Jaundice

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14
Q

What should ALWAYS be ruled out with 6-Mercaptopurine?

A

Use of Allopurinol

- If used, combination can be potentially fatal

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15
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with 5-Fluorouracil?

A
  • Oral ulcers

- GI ulcers

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16
Q

What three medications have an MOA that affects cells in the M PHASE?

A
  • Paclitaxel
  • Vincristine
  • Vinblastine
17
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Paclitaxel?

A
  • Myelosuppression

- Anemia

18
Q

What is the primary toxicity associated with Vincristine?

A

Neurotoxicity

19
Q

What is the primary toxicity associated with Vinblastine?

A

Myelosuppression

20
Q

What is the primary toxicity associated with Doxorubicin?

A

Cardiotoxicity

21
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does Paclitaxel affect?

A

M phase

22
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does Vincristine affect?

A

M phase

23
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does Vinblastine affect?

A

M phase

24
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does Methotrexate affect?

A

S phase

25
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does 6-Mercaptopurine affect?

A

S phase

26
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does 5-Fluorouracil affect?

A

S phase

27
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does Bleomycin affect?

A

G2-M phase

28
Q

What are the three primary toxicities associated with Bleomycin?

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Mild myelosuppression
29
Q

What is the MOA of Imatinib (Gleevec)?

A

Inhibits Bcr-Abl fusion to TKR protein

- TKR inhibitor

30
Q

What MUST be ruled out before administering Imatinib (Gleevec)?

A

Bcr-Abl fusion mutation

31
Q

What is the primary toxicity associated with Imatinib (Gleevec)?

A

Edema (eyes, ankles)

32
Q

What MUST be checked before administering Cetuximab or Erlotinib? What results would indicate NOT starting the medication?

A

EGFR expression/mutation

- If levels are NORMAL, do NOT start these drugs

33
Q

What is the MOA of Cetuximab?

A

Antibody binds to EGFR and inhibits EGFR kinase activity

34
Q

What is the MOA of Erlotinib?

A

Blocks ATP binding to EGFR and inhibits EGFR kinase activity

35
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Cetuximab?

A
  • Acneiform

- Hypomagnesemia

36
Q

What is the MOA of Bevacizumab?

A

Binds VEGF to prevent binding to VEGF-R (receptor)

37
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Bevacizumab?

A
  • Bleeding

- Thromboembolism

38
Q

What medication should be combined with Dexrazoxane to chelate iron and avoid free radical toxicity?

A

Combine Doxorubicin with Dexrazoxane

39
Q

What medication should be combined with Amifostine to reduce nephrotoxicity?

A

Combine Cisplatin with Amifostine

Pharmacology I Final Exam (8 decks)

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