Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology I Final Exam > Antiprotozoals, Anthelmics > Flashcards

Antiprotozoals, Anthelmics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DOC for Amebiasis (Entamoeba hystolitica) (2)?

A
  • Symptomatic: Metronidazole + Luminal

- Asymptomatic: ONLY Luminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the DOC for Giardia?

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the DOC for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the DOC for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine (+ Leucovorin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the DOC for Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole aka Bactrim (+ Leucovorin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the lifecycle of amebiasis

A

Cysts either…

  • Enter liver and form trophozoites (tissue = symptomatic)
  • Discarded in feces (asymptomatic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Metronidazole the DOC for (3)?

A
  • Amebiasis (Entamoeba hystolitica)
  • Giardia
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the MOA for Metronidazole? What is the only type of organism it can interact with?

A

Reacts with ferredoxin and creates unstable DNA

- ONLY anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Metronidazole?

A
  • Disulfiram-like reaction

- Metallic taste (dysgeusia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the alternative to Metronidazole, and why would you consider using it?

A

Tinidazole: alternative to Metronidazole and sometimes better tolerated
- Similar MOA as Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the last resort option for treating tissue amebicides (2)? Why are they considered last resort options?

A

Emetine or Dehydroemetine

- VERY TOXIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three primary toxicities associated with Emetine or Dehydroemetine?

A
  • Cardiotoxicity
  • GI issues
  • Teratogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two primary luminal amebicides? What can these be combined with to treat tissue amebicides?

A
  • Paromomycin
  • Iodoquinol

Both can be combined with Metronidazole to treat tissue amebicides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Paromomycin the DOC for (3)?

A

Asympatomatic/luminal Entamoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What class of drugs is Paromomycin from, and how does this affect its toxicity?

A

Aminoglycoside BUT less toxic (no oto- or nephrotoxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Iodoquinol the DOC for?

A

Asympatomatic/luminal Entamoeba

17
Q

What are the two primary toxicities associated with Iodoquinol?

A
  • High iodine content

- Eye issues

18
Q

What is Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine the DOC for? What should it always be combined with, and why?

A

Toxoplasmosis

- Combine with Leucovorin (helps supplement folic acid lost - MOA is inhibition of folic acid synthesis)

19
Q

What is Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) the DOC for? What should it always be combined with, and why?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

- Combine with Leucovorin (helps supplement folic acid lost - MOA is inhibition of folic acid synthesis)

20
Q

What is the alternative medication used to treat Pneumocystis jirovecii, and under what conditions would it be used?

A

Pentamidine: alternative to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) in treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Use if Bactrim not tolerated (allergy or HIV+)

21
Q

What is the DOC for roundworms (3)?

A
  • Albendazole OR Mebendazole

- Pyrantel Pamoate

22
Q

What is the DOC for tapeworms?

A

Praziquantel

23
Q

What is the DOC for flukes?

A

Praziquantel

24
Q

What is the MOA for Albendazole and Mebendazole?

A

Binds to beta-tubulin and inhibits glucose uptake by microtubules

25
Q

Why are Albendazole OR Mebendazole often considered the primary DOC for roundworms (2)?

A
  • Broad spectrum

- Can be used for MIXED infection (multiple species at once)

26
Q

What is the MOA for Pyrantel Pamoate?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor → Depolarized neuromuscular blockade

27
Q

What is Pyrantel Pamoate considered an alternative DOC for, and why is it the alternate/not the primary choice (think administration)?

A

Alternative DOC for roundworm (Albendazole OR Mebendazole are primary DOC)
- It can be obtained OTC (easier access)

28
Q

What is Praziquantel the DOC for (2)?

A
  • Tapeworms

- Flukes

Pharmacology I Final Exam (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions