Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Antimicrobials > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

0
Q

Clinical use of oseltamivir and zanamivir

A

Treat and prevent influenza A&B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Mech of oseltamivir & zanamivir?

A

Inhibit neuraminidase (influenza) and dec release of progeny virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical use of ribavirin?

A

RSV & chronic Hep C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mech of ribavirin

A

Inhibits guanine nucleotide synthesis by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ribavirin toxicity

A

Hemolytic anemia

Severe teratogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mech of acyclovir

A

Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase.
Guanosine analogue
Triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes
Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical use of acyclovir

A

HSV & VZV (not latent forms)
Weak activity against EBV, none against CMV
MC used for HSV-induced mucocutaneous and genital lesions, and encephalitis.
Prophylaxis if immunocompromised

Valacyclovir (variant) - better oral availability
Famciclovir - DOC herpes zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Resistance and toxicity of acyclovir

A

No toxicity

Resistance via mutated viral thymidine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mech of gancyclovir

A

5’-mono phosphate formed by CMV viral kinase
Guanosine analog
Triphosphate formed by cellular kinases
Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical use of gancyclovir

A

CMV (esp immunocompromised )

Prodrug (valgancyclovir) has better oral availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Toxicity of gancyclovir

A

Leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, & renal toxicity

More toxic than acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mech of resistance in gancyclovir

A

Mutated CMV DNA polymerase or lack of viral kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mech of foscarnet

A

Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to pyrophosphate binding site of the enzyme
Does not require activation by viral kinase

*FOScarnet = pyroFOSphate analog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical use of foscarnet

A 
CMV retinitis (immunocompromised) if gancyclovir fails 
Acyclovir-resistant HSV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Foscarnet toxicity

A

Nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Foscarnet mech of resistance

A

Mutated DNA polymerase

16
Q

Mech of Cidofovir

A

Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Does not require phosphorylation by viral kinase

17
Q

Clinical use of Cidofovir

A

CMV retinitis (immunocompromised)
Acyclovir - Resistant HSV
Long half life

18
Q

Toxicity of Cidofovir

A

Nephrotoxicity

* coadminister with probenecid and IV saline to reduce toxicity

19
Q

Mech of interferons

A

Glycoproteins synthesized by virus-infected cells

Block replication of both RNA and DNA viruses

21
Q

Clinical use of interferons

A

variable dependent on type (alpha, beta, gamma)

22
Q

Toxicity of interferons

A

Neutropenia

Myopathy

23
Q

INF-alpha treatment

A

Hep B & C
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
HPV

24
Q

INF- beta treatment

A

MS

25
Q

INF-gamma treatment

A

CGD (NADPH oxidase deficiency)

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions