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PCOL2 > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What is HAART?

A

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy - a cocktail therapy.

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2
Q

No current antiviral drugs are viricidal. T or F?

A

True.

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3
Q

Most current antiviral drugs are only active when…

A

… the virus is replicating.

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4
Q

HAART therapy for pregnant women has a huge success rate with preventing transmission to the child. T or F?

A

True.

Bonus: Implementing it universally in Africa is a big challenge though.

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5
Q

What allows nucleoside analogues (zidovudine) to be selective for the virus?

A

The endogenously-phosphorylated (activated) species has a much higher (about 100 times higher) affinity for viral reverse transcriptase than human DNA polymerase.

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6
Q

What is this lecture’s example of a nucleoside VRTI?

A

zitovudine.

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7
Q

What don’t you give if you’re up the Duff?

A

Delaviridine. D for duff, d for delaviridine.

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8
Q

What are usually the central ingredient in a HAART therapy?

A

nVRTIs.

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9
Q

How is acyclovir selective for the herpes virus?

A

It can only be phosphorylated (activated) by VIRAL thymidine kinase. I.e. isn’t activated in uninfected cells.

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10
Q

Which kills infected cells: antiretroviral nRTIs or anti-herpes acyclovir?

A

Acyclovir.

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11
Q

X lends selectivity to antiretroviral nRTIs and gancilovir and M lends selectivity to acyclovir.

A

X: selective affinity for viral RT.
Y: only activated by VIRAL thymidine kinase.

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12
Q

What’s the name of the antiviral for Herpes?

A

Acyclovir.

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13
Q

These ones inhibit the post-translational modification of viral precursor peptides.

A 
Protease inhibitors (-navir)
Sequanavir, indinavir, ritonavir
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14
Q

This drug is in the same class as acyclovir but has the same means of selectivity (affinity for viral transcriptase) as nRTIs.

A

Gancilovir.

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15
Q

Which anti-herpes drug from the lecture would be found in topical creams (as well as systemic formulations)

A

Acyclovir.

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16
Q

What briefly is the central scare of hepatitis viruses?

A

Chronic liver inflammation leading to cirrhosis and death.

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17
Q

One net effect of the upregulation of viral proteins via the JAKS pathway (stimulated by interferon-alpha) is the destruction of infected hepatocytes. What brings about this effect?

A

Promotion of NK cell formation.

18
Q

What is “absolutely contraindicated” in pregnancy?

A

Ribavirin

19
Q

What expensive breakthrough has “solved” Hep C infection?

A

Sovaldi.

20
Q

What situations are the discussed anti-flu drugs good for?

A

Only for prophylaxis or if taken rapidly after infection (24-48 hours).

21
Q

What are the nRTIs discussed in this lecture?

Standing over a sweaty stove will give you zits, which is lamentable thing to happen.

A

Zitovutine, lamivudine

22
Q

What is the non-nucleoside RTI?

Dining with de la Soul would be very exciting. I wouldn’t be the least bit nonplused.

A

Delavirdine

23
Q

What are the nRTIs discussed in this lecture?

A

Zitovudine, lamivudine

24
Q

What is the non-nucleoside RTI?

A

Delavirdine

25
Q

What are the two anti-herpes drugs in the lecture?

Aaaye Gran’s riding a bike.

A

Acyclovir, Gancyclovir

26
Q

What are the two anti-herpes drugs?

A

Acyclovir, gancyclovir

27
Q

Why should a pregnant woman worry if she gets hepatisis?

A

Because IFN-a is contraindicated and ribavirin is “absolutely contraindicated”.

28
Q

O causes GI problems where Z can bring about asthma in asthmatic people.

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

29
Q

What are two side effects of zidovudine?

A

Anaemia, neutropaenia

Bonus: not a side effect but resistance is also a problem.

30
Q

T or F: resistance is a problem in zidovudine?

A

Yes.

31
Q

A lot of drug interactions is a particular problem of _________.

A

Delaviridine

32
Q

Who CAN’T you give lamivudine to?

A

Renal failure patients.

33
Q

Why MUST saquinavir be accompanied by a nVRTI?

A

Because of resistance.

34
Q

Saquinovir kind of sounds like sanguin. What two body effusions are side effects of sanquinavir?

A

Nausea, diarrhoea

characteristically well tolerated though

35
Q

Which antivirals might you expect to experience taste disturbances with?

A

Indinavir, ritonavir.

36
Q

Why is gancyclovir only reserved for baaad cytomegalovirus infections?
2 side effects:

A

Irreversible neutropaenia

Possible carcinogen.

37
Q

How does amantadine work against the flu?

A

Dock blocker. Prevents fusion.

38
Q

What’s a major con of IFNa as a treatment?

A

Major toxic side effects.

39
Q

Only thing mentioned about IFNa PK. GOD Yiguang’s lectures are slow.

A

Slow absorbtion (injection)

40
Q

Acyclovir is great for herpes and varicellar zoster, but what CAN’T you use acyclovir for?

A

cytomegalovirus - it doesn’t encode thyridine kinase.

41
Q

Cytomegalovirus doesn’t encode tyridine kinase. What antiviral does this protect it from?

A

acyclovir.

PCOL2 (24 decks)

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