Antivirals

Question 1

Entry Inhibitors- Available Drugs

Answer 1

Pleconaril
Decosanol (abreva)
Enfuviritide (Entry Inhibitor T20)
Amantadine

Question 2

Pleconaril- Mech of Action

Answer 2

Binds capsid pocket, interfere with structural transitions= block virus binding/uncoating

Question 3

Pleconaril- Clinical Use

Answer 3

specific for picornaviruses

Question 4

Decosanol (abreva)- Mech of Action

Answer 4

Long chain alcohol that may distrub cell membranes and reduce viral entry into cell

Question 5

Decosanol (abreva)- Clinical Use

Answer 5

cold sore (HSV-1)

Question 6

Enfuviritide (Entry Inhibitor T20)- Mech of Action

Answer 6

Block HIV pg120/gp41 mediated membrane fusion

Question 7

Enfuviritide (Entry Inhibitor T20)- Clinical Use

Answer 7

HIV

Question 8

Amantadine- Mech of Action

Answer 8

Plug M2 ion channel of influenza A= no H+ entry into virus= no core loosening= no RNA release

Question 9

Amantadine- Clinical Use

Answer 9

Influenza A only

Question 10

Nucleoside Analogs- Available Drugs

Answer 10

Acyclovir (ACV)
Valtrex / Valacyclovir
Gancyclovir
Azidothymidine (AZT) / Zidovudine
Lamuvidine
Ribavirin

Question 11

Acyclovir- Mech of Action

Answer 11

Nucleoside analog lacking the 3' Hydroxyl= terminates chain elongation
Prodrug activated (phosphorylated) by HSV specific thymidine kinase to ACV-triphosphate used by HSV DNA polymerase

Question 12

Acyclovir- Adverse Effects/Contraindications

Answer 12

Very good therapeutic ratio= 1,000

Question 13

Valtrex / Valacyclovir- Absorption, Distribution

Answer 13

Improved bioavailability over Acyclovir

is a valine adduct of acyclovir

Question 14

Acyclovir, Valtrex / Valacyclovir, Gancyclovir- Clinical Use

Answer 14

Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 15

Azidothymidine (AZT) / Zidovudine- Mech of Action

Answer 15

Nucleoside analog lacking the 3’ Hydroxyl= terminates chain elongation
Prodrug activated by cellular kinase to AZT-triphosphate used by HIV reverse transcriptase

Question 16

Azidothymidine (AZT) / Zidovudine- Clinical Use

Answer 16

HIV

Question 17

Lamuvidine- Mech of Action

Answer 17

Nucleoside analog lacking the 3’ hydroxyl= terminates chain elongation
Used by HIV and HBV reverse transcriptase

Question 18

Lamuvidine- Clinical Use

Answer 18

HIV

HBV

Question 19

Ribavirin- Mech of Action

Answer 19

Guanosine analog

NOT a chain terminator, acts as a mutagen

Question 20

Ribavirin- Absorption, Distribution

Answer 20

Aerosol for RSV

Question 21

Ribavirin- Clinical Use

Answer 21

RSV

HCV (w/INF)

Question 22

Foscarnet- Mech of Action

Answer 22

Non-nucleoside analog

Competitively inhibit dNTP binding= inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 23

Foscarnet- Clinical Use

Answer 23

HIV

HSV

Question 24

Neuraminadase Inhibitors- Available Drugs

Answer 24

Zanamivir

Oseltamivir Phosphate

Question 25

Neuraminadase Inhibitors (Zanamivir, Oseltamivir Phosphate)- Mech of Action

Answer 25

Block cleavage of sialic acids from infected cells= prevents viral dissemination

Question 26

Neuraminadase Inhibitors (Zanamivir, Oseltamivir Phosphate)- Clinical Use

Answer 26

Influenza A & B

Question 27

Protease Inhibitors- Available Drugs

Answer 27

Telaprevir

Boceprevir

Question 28

Protease Inhibitors (Telaprevir, Boceprevir)- Mech of Action

Answer 28

Inhibit HCV viral protease= prevents maturation of virion

Question 29

Protease Inhibitors (Telaprevir, Boceprevir)- Clinical Use

Answer 29

HCV in patients who don’t respond to Ribavirin + INF