Antivirals Flashcards
Aciclovir
Nucleoside analogue
Requires activation by viral thymidine kinase - ensures specificity and less toxicity
Active against HSV and VZV
Available in oral, topical and IV forms
Famciclovir and valaciclovir
Related to aciclovir
Oral
Better bioavailability
Treament of HSV and shingles
Ganciclovir
Nucleoside analogue Active against CMV IV infusion Toxic Restricted to treating life threatening infections in the immunocompromised
Valganciclovir
Prodrug of ganciclovir
Oral alternative
Risk for BM toxicity
Forcarnet
Alternative for nucleoside analogue resistant HSV, VZV and CMV
Highly nephrotoxic
IV only
Cidofovir
CMV retinitis
ZIdovudine (AZT, ZDV)
Anti-HIV
Nucleoside analogue
Side effects such as anaemia and neutropaenia
Nevirapine
Anti-HIV
Non-nuclease RT inhibitor
Saquinavir
Anti-HIV
Protease inhibitor
Interferon-alpha
Used against Hep C Can be PEGylated Low response rate Serious side effects High treatment cost Used in combination with oral ribavarin
Lamivudine
Anti-HIV
Nucleoside analogue
Suitable for treatment of Hep B
Oral
Zanamivir
Treatment of Influenza A and B
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Treatment of Influenza A and B
Anti-neuraminidase
Ribavarin
Nucleoside analogue
Occasionally used in RSV infection
Inhalation
