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MOHD4: Exam 3 Drugs > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Early inhibitors of HIV

A

Maraviroc, Enfuvirtide

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2
Q

Name the drug:

Binds CCR5 allosterically –> blocks transmission

A

Maraviroc

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3
Q

Name the drug:

Binds N peptide sequence on HIV gp41 –> blocks hairpin formation –> block membrane fusion events

A

Enfuvirtide

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4
Q

AZT (zidovudine)

A

1st nucleoside RT inhibitor (polymerase inhibitor)

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5
Q 
Which of the following is not an NRTI?
A. Abacavir
B. Tenofovir
C. Emtricitabine
D. Lamivudine
A

B. Tenofovir is nucleotide RT inhibitor (NtRTI): adenosine analog

A. Abacavir: guanosine analog
C. Emtricitabine: cytosine analog
D. Lamivudine: cytosine analog

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6
Q

Name the type of drug:
Bind to allosteric site on RT –> decrease mobility of RT –> inhibit polymerase
activity

A

Non nucleoside RT inhibitors against HIV

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7
Q

Dolutegravir is what type of drug?

A

Integrase inhibitor against HIV

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8
Q

Darunavir is what type of drug?

A

Protease inhibitor against HIV

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9
Q

What type of drugs blocks maturation of virus particle?

A

Protease inhibitors

Inhibit cleavage of gag and gag-pol polyproteins

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10
Q

Name the drugs involved in HAART therapy

A

3 drugs: 2 nucleoside RT inhibitors + protease inhibitor OR non- nucleoside RT inhibitor OR integrase inhibitor

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11
Q

Name the drugs involved in ART therapy

A

2 NRTI + inhibitor (protease, integrase or NNRTI) + pharmacokinetic enhancer (ritonavir)

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12
Q

T/F: Acyclovir is preferred over valacyclovir

A

False. Acyclovir has short half life in blood and poorly absorbed orally. Valacyclovir can be sustained at higher levels in blood.

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13
Q

Acyclovir and valacyclovir are what type of drugs?

A

Nucleoside analog alpha herpesvirus inhibitors

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14
Q

T/F: Acyclovir and valacyclovir are administered as a prodrug and must be activated by viral nucleotide kinase

A

False. Activated by viral nucleoSIDE kinase (thymidine kinase)

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15
Q

Name the drug interaction that all HSV inhibitors have

A

some HIV NRTIs (Tenofovir). Elevates levels. Must adjust dosages

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16
Q

T/F: Cidofovir are administered as a prodrug and must be activated by viral nucleotide kinase

A

False. It is activated by cellular kinase. This is an advantage b/c it doesn’t need activation by virus encoded thymidine kinase. Works with TK - or TK altered strains of HSV

17
Q

Name the drug:
Diacetyl ester prodrug of penciclovir: acyclic guanine derivative –> allows short chain extension but still causes chain termination

A

Famciclovir

Nucleoside analog against alpha herpes

18
Q

Name the drug:

  • Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates derivatives of cytosine
  • Converted to active by cellular kinases –> don’t need activation by virus encoded thymidine kinase –> retain activity against TK negative or TK-altered strains of HSV
A

Cidofovir

19
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about Foscarnet?
A. It is a nucleoside analog alpha herpesvirus inhibitors
B. It is a competitive inhibitor of HSV DNA polymerase
C. Binds indirectly to pyrophosphate-binding sites of HSV DNA polymerase
D. It is 100x more selective for viral vs cellular polymerase

A

D

A. Non-nucleoside analog
B. Noncompetitive inhibitor
C. Binds directly

20
Q

Name the 5 drugs currently approved to treat CMV

A 
Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
Foscarnet
Cidofovir
Fomivirsen

NICE JOB! That one is a doozy…

21
Q

Name the drug:

Hydroxymethylated derivative of acyclovir used intravenously to treat CMV, HSV, VZV

A

Ganciclovir

22
Q

Name the drug:
Antisense RNA against CMV
Treats CMV retinitis

A

Fomivirsen

23
Q

Amantadine, Rimatadine

Type of drug

A

Viral uncoating inhibitors against influenza virus

24
Q

Zanamivir, Oseltamivir

Type of drug

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor against influenza virus

25
Q

Name the drug:

RSV monoclonal ab therapy: prophylactic treatment for infants/children

A

Palivizumab

26
Q

Ribavirin

Type of drug

A

Guanosine analog against RSV

27
Q

Name the drug:

Best broad spectrum antiviral

A

Ribavirin

28
Q

Simeprevir

Type of drug

A

Protease inhibitor against Hep C

Direct acting antiviral agents

29
Q

Parataprevir

Type of drug

A

Protease inhibitor against Hep C

Direct acting antiviral agents

30
Q

Sofosbuvir

Type of drug

A

Polymerase inhibitor against Hep C

Direct acting antiviral agents

31
Q

Ombitasivir

Type of drug

A

Phosphoprotein against Hep C

Direct acting antiviral agents

32
Q

Dasabuvir

Type of drug

A

Polymerase inhibitor against Hep C

Direct acting antiviral agents

33
Q

Lidipasvir

Type of drug

A

Phosphoprotein against Hep C

Direct acting antiviral agents

34
Q

Standard of care today for Chronic Hep C

A 
Combo of protease inhibitors (simeprevir, ritonavir)/polymerase (sofosbuvir) +/- ribavirin
NO interferon
Very effective (100%) and expensive
35
Q

Name 2 non nucleoside RT inhibitors

A

Efavirenz

Nevirapine

MOHD4: Exam 3 Drugs (5 decks)

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