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MOHD4: Exam 3 Drugs > Antimetabolites, Fluoroquinolones, Anti-TB Agents > Flashcards

Antimetabolites, Fluoroquinolones, Anti-TB Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Name the drug:
Binds to DHPS → prevent production of dihydropteroic acid → decreased production of necessary components of DNA and RNA synthesis

A

Sulfonamides

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2
Q

Sulfonamides

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Sulfonamides

Spectrum:

A

Broad: Gm+ and Gm-

Some parasites: plasmodium, toxoplasma gondii

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4
Q

Name the drug:

Do NOT use for Rickettsia. Will actually stimulate growth.

A

Sulfonamides

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5
Q

Name the drug:
Blocks later step in folic acid synthesis pathway than sulfas
Inhibits bacterial DHFR

A

Trimethoprim

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6
Q

Trimethoprim

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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7
Q

Sulfonamide often combined with ___ to work synergistically

A

Trimethoprim

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8
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Sulfonamides?
A. Kernicterus
B. GI distress, rash
C. Hemolytic anemia 
D. Anti-folate effect
E. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
A

D. Anti-folate effect is seen in Trimethoprim

Also bone marrow and liver toxicity (uncommon)

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9
Q

Which TWO are part of the spectrum of Trimethoprim?
A. Pseudomonas
B. Anaerobes (gut microbes)
C. Gm +
D. Atympical bacteria (leginella, mycoplasm)
E. Gm-

A

C, E

All other are definitely NOT a part of the spectrum

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10
Q

Name 3 ways microbes become resistant to Trimethoprim

A

Overexpression of DHFR
Express mutant DHFR resistant to Tmp
Increasing, location dependent

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11
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a common use of Trimethoprim?
A. UTI
B. CA-MRSA
C. Malaria 
D. Sinusitis
E. Otitis media
F. Pneumocystis pneumonia
A

C. This is use of Sulfonomides. CNS toxoplasmosis is another use of sulfas.

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12
Q

Name the 3 Quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

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13
Q

T/F: Quinolones have worse Gm+ coverage than other abx

A

False. It’s better

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14
Q

Name the drug:

Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase –> block DNA unwinding –> irreversible DNA damage/degradation

A

Quinolones

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15
Q

Quinolone AUC/MIC for immunocompetent pt

A

25

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16
Q

Quinolone AUC/MIC for immunocompromised pt

A

100

17
Q

Administration of Trimethoprim

A

Oral

18
Q

Distribution of Trimethoprim

A

Wide

CNS and prostate

19
Q

Administration of Quinolone

A

Oral, IV

20
Q

Distribution of Quinolone

A

Wide w/ high bioavailability
Bone and prostate
Bad CSF

21
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a part of Quinolone's spectrum of activity?
A. Anaerobes
B. complicated Gm- 
C. Pseudomonas
D. Legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia
A

A. Anaerobes

Quinolone is excellent against the others

22
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of resistance against Quinolones?
A. Decreased permeability
B. Overexpression of gyrA
C. Mutation of gyrase and topoisomerase
D. Efflux pump
A

B. Not overexpression. Mutations in genes gyrA and parC causes high resistance

23
Q

T/F Quinolones are not well tolerated due to its high toxicity

A

False. Quinolones are well tolerated.

24
Q

Name contraindications of Quinolones

A

Children
Atheletes/old people: Achilles tendon rupture
Pregnancy: cause birth defects and spontaneous abortions

25
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a common use of Quinolones?
A. Complicated UTIs
B. Otitis media
C. Acute bacterial prostatitis
D. Pneumonia
E. STDs
A

B. Otitis media is a use of Trimethprim

Majority of use considered inappropriate

26
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a first line drug of tuberculosis?
A. Isoniazid
B. Rifampin
C. Fluconazole
D. Ethambutol
E. Pyrazinamide
F. Streptomycin
A

C. Fluconazole is an antifungal

27
Q

Name the drug:

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

A

Isoniazid (INH)

First line TB drug

28
Q

Name the drug:

Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase

A

Rifampin (RMP)

First line TB drug

29
Q

Name the drug:

Inhibits cell wall glycolipid synthesis

A

Ethambutol (ETH)

First line TB drug

30
Q

What is the most effective individual anti-TB agent?

A

Rifampin

31
Q

Rifampin

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

32
Q

Pyrazinamide

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

33
Q

Ethambutol

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

34
Q

Name the 2 TB drugs that are administered as a prodrug

A

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

35
Q

Causes red-orange color to bodily fluids

A

Rifampin

MOHD4: Exam 3 Drugs (5 decks)

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