Antivirals

Question 1

• NTRI
• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Nucleic acid synthesis by herpesvirus
• Treats herpes simplex viruses 1&2 and varicella zoster virus and cytomegalovirus
• Converted to triphosphate nucleotides by host cell kinases

Answer 1

Acyclovir

Question 2

• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Cleavage of precursor polypeptides of HCV
• Treats hepatitis C virus
• Prevents formation of several of the critical nonstructural proteins
• Drug resistant mutations can occur very fast especially in the serene proteases

Answer 2

Boceprevir

Question 3

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Answer 3

Foscarnet

Question 4

• ## Stage of Replication Inhibited: Nucleic acid synthesis by herpesvirus

Answer 4

Ganciclovir

Question 5

• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Release of influenza virus from infected cell
• Targets neuraminidase
• Selective sialic acid analogue inhibitors that produce conformation changes in the active site of influenza A and B neuaminidases
• Resistance: mutations in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Answer 5

Oseltamivir

Question 6

• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Nucleic acid synthesis by other viruses
• Incompletely understood mechanism.
• Converted by cellular enzymes to the triphosphate form.
• Competitively inhibits GTP-dependent 5′ capping of viral messenger RNA and specifically influenza virus transcriptase activity.
• Multiple sites of interacting action on GTP-dependent enzymatic processes.
• Some of these (e.g., inhibition of GTP synthesis) may potentiate others
• May enhance viral (lethal) mutagenesis.

Answer 6

Ribavarin

Question 7

• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Cleavage of precursor polypeptides of HCV
• Treats hepatitis C virus

Answer 7

Telaprevir

Question 8

• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Nucleic acid synthesis by other viruses
• A fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase and specific DNA polymerases, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis.
• To a lesser extent, trifluridine is also incorporated into cellular DNA and is capable of decreasing DNA synthesis in both infected and uninfected cells.
• Viral resistance to trifluridine is rare.
• Used to treat HSV-induced keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis.

Answer 8

Trifluidine

Question 9

• potent and selective sialic acid analogue inhibitors that produce conformational changes in the active site of influenza A and B neuraminidases

Answer 9

Zanamivir

Question 10

• used in the treatment of influenza A infections
• blocks M2 ion channel function and thereby inhibit acidification of the interior of the virion, dissociation of matrix protein, and uncoating

Answer 10

Amantadine

Question 11

• long-lasting formulation of interferon that is conjugated with polyethylene glycol, thereby increasing the durability in circulation of active drug
• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Protein synthesis directed by viral mRNA

Answer 11

Peginterferon Alfa

Question 12

• used in the treatment of influenza A infections
• blocks M2 ion channel function and thereby inhibit acidification of the interior of the virion, dissociation of matrix protein, and uncoating

Answer 12

Rimantadine

Question 13

• orally absorbed pro-drugs that rapidly liberate the respective active agent (acyclovir & ganciclovir) upon entry intro the circulation
• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Nucleic acid synthesis by herpesviruses

Answer 13

Valacyclovir

Question 14

• orally absorbed pro-drugs that rapidly liberate the respective active agent (acyclovir & ganciclovir) upon entry intro the circulation
• Stage of Replication Inhibited: Nucleic acid synthesis by herpesviruses

Answer 14

Valganciclovir