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Antimicrobial Pharmacotherapy > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of NRTI

A

Inhibit RNA to Proviral DNA
Compete with natural nucleotides

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2
Q

Main adverse effects of NRTIs

A

Lipoatrphy
Mitochondrial toxicity (myopathy, hepatic steatosis, peripheral neuropathy , lactic acidosis)
Bone Marrow Suppression

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3
Q

HIV antiviral for post exposure prophylaxis

A

NRTIs

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4
Q

NRTI indicated for perinatal exposure

A

Zidovudine

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5
Q

Antiviral that causes Melalonychia

A

Zidovudine

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6
Q

Adverse effects of Zidovudine

A

Melalonychia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Erythrocytic macrocytosis

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7
Q

NRTIs that can also be used in HBV Tx

A

Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine

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8
Q

NRTI that can cause Fancomi syndrome

A

Tenofovir

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9
Q

ONLY NRTI that is a nucleotide analogue

A

Tenofovir

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10
Q

Adverse effect of Didanosine

A

Pancreatitis

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11
Q

Contraindication of Abacavir

A

HLA-B5701

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12
Q

HLA-B5701

A

Abacavir contraindication

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13
Q

NRTI related to Fatal hypersensitivity reaction

A

Abacavir

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14
Q

NRTI that can cause progressive motor neuropathy

A

Stavudine

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15
Q

Stavudine contraindications

A

Long term use
+ Didanosine
+ Zidovudine

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16
Q

NRTI that can cause skin hyperpigmentation

A

Emtricitabine

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17
Q

HIV ANTIVIRAL that inhibit HIV-1 protease and the fore cause the production of immature (non infectious) virions

A

PI = protease inhibitors

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18
Q

These HIV antivirals are metabolized by CYP450 and ALSO INHIBITS them

A

PI

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19
Q

Protease inhibitors adverse effects

A

Hyperglicemia
Hyperlipidmia
Lipodystrophy

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20
Q

ONLY protease inhibitor that is NOT associated with Metabolic Disorders as adverse effects

A

Atazanavir

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21
Q

-navir

A

PI

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22
Q

PI that causes increased levels of transaminases that can lead to liver damage

A

Ritonavir

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23
Q

Which PIs are less effective in HIV-2

A

Ritonavir
Lopinavir

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24
Q

PI order of age use for NAIVE px

A

Lopinavir (14d) —> Atazanavir (3m) —> Fosamprenavir (2y) —>Darunavir (12y)

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25
Q

PI order of age use for EXPERIENCED px

A

Tripranavir (2y) —> Fosamprenavit (6y)

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26
Q

HIV antiviral drug that act as Pharmacokinetic enhancer

A

Ritonavir

= by inhibiting CYP3A4

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27
Q

PIs best tolerated

A

Darunavir

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28
Q

HIV antiviral that may cause Nephrolitiasis

A

Indinavir

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29
Q

PI that is used ONLY for experienced px

A

Tipranavir

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30
Q

HIV antiviral that can cause intracranial hemorrhage and bleeding episodes

A

Tipranavir

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31
Q

HIV antiviral that may cause unconjugated hyper bilirubinemia

A

Atazanavir

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32
Q

Atazanavir Adverse Reactions

A

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Helatic function abnormalities

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33
Q

HIV antiviral that causes allosteric inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase

A

NNRTI

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34
Q

T or F: NNRTIs are active vs HIV 1 and 2

A

F

Only 1

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35
Q

HIV antiviral used as a single dose at pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission of HIV

A

Nevirapine

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36
Q

NNRTI with longest half life

A

Efavirenz

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37
Q

NNRTI that is Teratogenic

A

Efavirenz

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38
Q

HIV antiviral that causes CNS toxicity and can case hallucinations (vivid dreams)

39
Q

T or F: Efavirenz can also be used in Tuberculosis

40
Q

NNRTI that may cause severe hepatotoxicity

A

Nevirapine

41
Q

HIV antiviral that can cause toxic epidermal necrosis

42
Q

Only approved HIV drug administered parentally

A

Enfurvitide

43
Q

T or F: Enfurvitide works in both HIV 1 and 2

A

F
Only in 1

44
Q

HIV antiviral entry inhibitor

A

Enfurvitide

45
Q

HIV antiviral integrase inhibitor

A

Ratelgavir

46
Q

T or F: Ratelgavir works in HIV 1 AND 2

47
Q

HIV Antiviral that can cause Muscle irritation and Rhabdomyolisis

A

Ratelgavir

48
Q

Herpes antiviral that is more potent vs HSV1

49
Q

Antiviral vs HSV encephalitis

50
Q

Antiviral for Genital Herpes

51
Q

Antiviral for Varicella Zoster (Chicken pox)

52
Q

Herpes antiviral that is long term use friendly

53
Q

Tx for Herpes infection that is Resistant to Acyclovir and Gancuclovir

A

Cidofovir
Foscarnet

54
Q

Antiviral vs CMV retinitis @Immunocompromised

A

Ganciclovir

55
Q

Antiviral that is a Phyrophosphate analogue

56
Q

Antiviral used for CMV prophylaxis at transplant recipients

A

Ganciclovir
Vallganciclovir

57
Q

Herpes antiviral that doesn’t need a prior activation by viral kinase

A

Cidofovir
Foscarnet

58
Q

Is Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir safe to use at pregnant women?

A

Category C

Risks are not ruled out, ONLY use when benefits outweigh risks

59
Q

Antiviral used as Prophylaxis @Immunocompetent with recurrent or severe infections

60
Q

Antiviral that can cause Thrombocitic thrombocytopenic pupura

61
Q

Antiviral that may cause Obstructive crystal-induced neuropathy

62
Q

T or F: Hepres antiviral are nephrotoxic

63
Q

Herpes antiviral with lower selectivity wichi y causes more side effects

A

Ganciclovir

64
Q

Antiviral that may cause Myelotoxicity that can lead to pancytopenia

A

Ganciclovir

65
Q

MOA of Herpes medications

A

Inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, thus inhibiting vira, proliferation

66
Q

HSV medication Guanosine analogue

A

Acyclovir
Ganciclovir

67
Q

UL-97 kinase for phosphorylation of Herpes antiviral

A

Ganciclovir

68
Q

Viral thymidine kinase used to phsosphorylate a HSV antiviral

69
Q

Resistance to HSV antivirals

A

Mutation of Viral Kinase that does not permit the drug to be phosphorylated

70
Q

Adverse effects of ACYCLOVIR

A

CNS toxicity (delirium, tremor, seizures)
Hypotension
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Obstructive crystal induced nephritis

71
Q

Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors

A

Cidofovir
Foscarnet

72
Q

Antivirals that are Neurominidase Inhibitors

A

Influenza A & B Tx

  • Oseltanavir
  • Zanamavir

= they prevent the release of new viruses, thereby limiting the duration of the illness

73
Q

Which antiviral vs Influenza A and B would you give to a month old baby?

A

Osetalnavir

74
Q

Antiviral used to Tx Influenza A and B that is indicated in Px over 5yo

75
Q

T or F: for best results the antivirals vs influenza muy be taken within 2 days of symptom onset

76
Q

Antiviral drugs used to influenza prophylaxis ( lessen the severity, duration and risk complications) specially at high risk groups

A

Neuriminidase inhibitors

77
Q

Neurominidase inhibitors that are its route of administration is by INHALATION

78
Q

Zanamavir Contraindications

A

Px with underlying airway conditions:
Astma
COPD

because it can cause bronchospasms

79
Q

Antiviral vs Influenza most commonly associated with GI upset

A

Osetalmivir

80
Q

Antiviral vs ONLY Influenza A

A

Amantadine

81
Q

Antiviral also used in the Tx of Parkinson’s disease

A

Amantadine

82
Q

Single stranded RNA Hepatitis Virus

83
Q

Antiviral vs. Hepatitis C

84
Q

Nucleoside analogues in Hepatitis Tx

A

Entecavir
Lamivudine

and Ribavirin for Hepatitis C

85
Q

Nucleoside analogues at Hepatitis Tx

A

Tenofovir
Adefovir

86
Q

1st line Tx for Hepatitis B

87
Q

Well tolerated HBV medication

A

Lamivudine

88
Q

Hepatitis drug that is Teratogenic

89
Q

Hepatitis drug that also is indicated in the Tx of RSV

90
Q

Competitive inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase

91
Q

Antiviral Tx for Hepatitis B & C

A

Interferon

92
Q

Ribavirin Adverse effects

A

Henolytic anemia
Hiperuricemia

93
Q

High doses of which Hepatitis antiviral can cause neprhotoxicity

Antimicrobial Pharmacotherapy (4 decks)

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