Antibiotics Flashcards
Beta lactam that act as Transpeptidase
Penicillin
Bind to PBP and INHIBIT Cross-Linking
Penicillin
T or F: Penicillin are Bacteriostatic
F
= Bactericidial
Route of Admin of Amoxicillin
Oral
IV
Route of Admin of Ampicillin
Intramuscular
IV
Penicillin of choice @Pregnant
Amoxicillin
Penicillin vs. S.aureus & S.epidermidis
Dicloxacillin
Cephalosporins vs. Pseudomonas
Cefepime
Cetazimide
Beta Lactam vs Syphilis
Penicillin
Beta lactam used at Surgical Prophylaxis
Cefazolin
Beta Lactam vs. Meningitis
Ceftriaxone (Cephalosporin)
Cephalosporin vs. Lyme
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporins vs. Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin vs Nosocomial Infections
Cefepime
Cephalosporins with good BHE penetrance
Gen 3 & 4 Cephalosporines
Cephalosporin used vs. Skin Infections
Cefazolin (1st gen)
Beta Lactam vs MRSA
Ceftroline (5th gen)
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Beta Lactam that bind to PBP carbon atom @position 1
Carbapenems
Carbapenem used for Tx of Meningitis
Meropenem
Beta Lactam vs Nosocomial Infections
Cefepime
Carbapenems
Beta Lactam vs Acinobacter infections (ventilator associated pneumonia & pseudomona aeruginosa)
Carbapenems
Penicillin that can cause Interstitial Nephritis
Dicloxacillin
Type of Penicillin that may cause Hemolytic Anemia
Penicillin (V & G)
Type of Penicillin that may cause Psudomembranous colitis due to a superinfection
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Gen of Cephalosporines vs. UTIs
1 & 2
Beta Lactam that can cause as adverse effect Disulfiram Reaction
Cephalosporins
Major adverse effect of Carbapenems
CNS toxicity —> seizures
- Imipenem >
Mechanism of resistance of Glycopeptides
D-lactate @Tip of Tetrapeptides causing that Glycopeptides ( vancomycin & teicoplanin) can’t bind
When would a Glycopeptide (vancomycin & teicoplanin) be indicated to administer orally?
Clostridium dificile infection causing Pseudomembranous colitis
What makes Glycopeptides a more broader spectrum beta Lactam?
They don’t act @PBP, which allows them to bypass a PBP mutations
Glycopeptides (vancomycin & teicoplanin) act vs Gram __ bacteria?
Positive
Which beta lactam acts vs. MDR gram - ?
Polymyxin B
Colistin
T or F: Cephalosporins act vs. Atypical bacteria
F
Type of penicillin vs S.pyogenes infections (pharyngitis)
Penicillin (G or V)
Beta Lactam used vs. Upper respiratory tract infections (sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media)
Amoxicillin
Which beta Lactam must be given with Cilastatin in order to inhibit inactivation of the drug by Dehydropeptidase @Kidney?
Imipenem
Beta Lactam indicated when there is MDR of gram + bacteria?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Adverse effects of Vancomycin & Teicoplanin
Nephrotoxicity
Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome
Ototoxicity
Antibiotics indicated for Acne Tx
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
1st line antibiotics vs Intracelular Bacteria
Tetracyclines
Protein inhibitor indicated at a Tick bite
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines are contraindicated @
Pregnancy
Children <8yo
Renal failure
1st line Tx vs Borrelia Burgdorferi
Doxycycline
= Lyme disease
Long acting Tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Tigecycline
Antibiotic indicated at MRSA and VRE infection
Tigecycline
Linezolid
Antibiotics available vs MRSA
Ceftroline
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Doxycycline
Tigecycline
Mechanism of resistance of Tetracyclines
Efflux pump
Antibiotics that whose absorption may be affected if taken with concomitant Mg, Fe or Ca
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones
Antibiotic that can be given in Malaria prophylaxis
Doxycycline
Bone and Teeth Deposition
Tetracyclines
Neuromuscular blockade
Aminogycosides
Antibiotic that may cause Fancomi Syndrome
Tetracyclines
Antibiotic indicated for Colorectal Surgery prophylaxis
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside vs. Tuberculosis
Streptomycin
Aminogycoside indicated for lung infections, including cystic fibrosis exacerbations
Amikacin
Ototoxicity
Aminogycosides
Protein inhibitor vs Endocarditis or Peritonitis
Gentamicin
Only protein inhibitor that is bactericidial
Aminoglycosides
Which other antibiotic is synergic with Penicillins?
Aminoglycosides
Antibiotic vs. Plauge
Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Protein inhibitor that inhibits the initiation complex by binding to 30s
Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis inhibitor indicated at nosocomial sepsis of unknown origin
Amikacin
Aminoglycosides Contraindications
Pregnancy
Myasthenia gravísimo
Botulism
Serotonin syndrome
Linezolid
Gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
Protein inhibitor that inhibits the initiation complex by binding to 50s
Linezolid
Antibiotic vs Typhoid fever
Chloramphenicol
Protein inhibitors indicated for MDR tuberculosis
Linezolid
Streptomycin
Protein inhibitor vs Bacterial conjuntivitis
Chloramphenicol
Long use of Clindamycin can cause…
Superinfection of C.dificile that causes Pseudomembranous colitis
50s binding drug that is effective vs anaerobic bacteria @lungs and mouth
Clindamycin
Protein inhibitor vs Toxoplasmosis encephalitis
Clindamycin
T or F: Clindamycin is safe during pregnancy
F
= it’s contraindicated during the first trimester
Protein inhibitor that can cause Bone Marrow suppression leading to aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
Antibiotics that INHIBIT CYP450
Chloramphenicol
Fluoroquinolones
Iosiniazid
Antimetabolites (Sullfadiazine & TMP/SMX)
Only antibiotic that INDUCES CYP450
Rifampin
Antibiotic vs Lymphogranuloma venerum
Tetracyclines
Antibiotic vs Chlamydia infection
Tetracyclines
Azithromycin
Adverse effects of Linezolid
Serotonin syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy
Bone marrow suppression
Protein inhibitor that inhibits Peptidyltranderase and therefore inhibits elongation
Chloramphenicol
Protein inhibitor vs Whooping cough
Macrolides
Antibiotic vs Erysipellas & Celulitis
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Antibiotic used as HIV prophylaxis
Azitromycin
Clarithromycin
Protein inhibitor vs. H.pylori (gastritis)
Clarithromycin
Antibiotic vs Diphteria
Erythromycin
Antibiotic vs Mycobacterium avium
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
T or F: Macrolides aren’t indicated during Pregnancy
T
Antibiotics that can cause QT prolongation —> arrhythmias
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Macrolides
Mechanism of resistance of Macrolides
Efflux pumps
MOA of Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit:
Tipoisomerase IV
DNA gyrase
That lead to SUPERCOILING
-floxacin
Fluoroquinolones
Respiratory Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Fluoroquinolone vs MDR Tuberculosis
Moxifloxacin
Which antibiotic decreases its absorption by concomitant use of anti acids
Fluoroquinolones
Damage to growing cartilage
Fluoroquinolones
Protein inhibitor that may cause Photosensitivity and Tinitus
Tetracyclines
Antibiotic that may cause Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis
Macrolides
Antibiotic for Prohylaxis of Burn infections
Sulfadiazine
1st line of Tx vs P.jirovecci infections @HIV px
Trimoethropin Sulfamethoxazole
Antibiotic that inhibit DHPR (duhydropteroate reductase)
Trimethropin Sulfamethaxole
Fluoroquinole vs Gram - rods (UTI & GI infections)
Ciprofloxacin
Tendinitis
Fluoroquinolones
T or F: Trimoethropin Sulfamathoxazole work vs MRSA
T
TMP/SMX indications
Travelers Diarrhea
Pneumonia (H.influenzae f Moraxella)
P.jirovecin@HIV Px
MRSA
Antibiotic that may cause Juandice & Kernicterus @Babies
Sulfadiazine
Hemolysis @G6PD deficiency
Sulfadiazine
Antibiotics that cause Steven-Johnson’s Syndrome
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfadiazine
Tuberculosis Tx Scheme
Intensive Phase: 2 MONTHS
RIPE
Continuation Phase: 4 MONTHS
Rifamoin
Isoniazid
Prophylaxis of Tuberculosis
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Only Tuberculosis drug that can be given as Monotherapy
Isoniazid
Antibiotic that causes Red-orange discoloration of body fluids
Rifampin
What is the indication given to a Px with HIV that is about to start their Tuberculosis Tx
Change Rifampin to Rifabutin
= because it has less potential of inducing CYP450
Tuberculosis drug that is also used in the Tx of Leprosy
Rifampin
Tuberculosis drug that may cause Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Isoniazid
Tuberculosis drug that act by inhibiting mycobacteria RNA polymerase
Rifampin
Tuberculosis drug that act by inhibiting mycobacterial peroxidase
Isoniazid
Antibiotic that may cause Vit.6 deficiency
Isoniazid
Sideroblastic anemia
Isoniazid
Due to vit.6 deficiency
Tuberculosis drug that act by inhibiting arabinosyltransferase
Ethambuthol
Antibiotic that may cause Optic Neuritis
Ethambuthol
Antibiotics that may cause Hyperuricemia that can lead to Gout
Pyrazinamid
Ethambuthol
Contraindications of Pyrazinamide
Hepatic failure
Acute gout
T or F: Ethambuthol is indicated in children
F
Cycloserine indications
MDR TB
MAC
UTI
Indications of Ethionamide
MDR TB
XDR TB
MAC
Which Leprosy drug is not active vs Tuberculoid leprosy?
Clofazime
Antibiotic that causes black/brown discoloration
Clofzamine
Antibiotic that may cause Methemglobinemia
Dapsone
Antibiotic for inflammatory or postular dermatoses
Clofzamine
Fatal mononucleosis like syndrome
Dapsone
Antibiotic that’s competitive antagonist of PABA
Dapsone
Other indications of Dapsone besides Leprosy Tx
P.jirovecci
Toxoplasmosis
Plasmodium falciparum