Antitubercular Drugs Flashcards
Isoniazid
Chemical Classification
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Isoniazid
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal interference with lipid, nucleic acid biosynthesis
Isoniazid
Uses
Treatment, prevention of TB
Isoniazid
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Acute Hepatic Disease
Isoniazid
Side Effects
CNS: Peripheral Neuropathy, Dizziness, memory impairment, TOXIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, SEIZURES, psychosis, slurred speech
EENT: blurred vision, optic neuritis
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, epigastric distress, JAUNDICE, FATAL HEPATITIS
HEMA: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, HEMOLYTIC, APLASTIC ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, EOSINOPHILIA, METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
HYPERSENSITIVITY: fever, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis
MISC: Dyspnea, B6 deficiency, pellagra, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, gynecomastia, rheumatic syndrome, SLE-like syndrome
Isoniazid
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- Hepatic studies weekly: ALT, AST, bilirubin; increased test results may indicate hepatitis; hepatic status: decreased appetite, jaundice, dark urine, fatigue
- mental status often: affect, mood, behavioral changes; psychosis may occur
- paresthesia in hands, feet
Isoniazid
Overdose Treatment
Pyridoxine
Rifampin
Functional Classification
Antitubercular
Rifampin
Chemical Classification
Rifamycin B derivative
Rifampin
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits DNA-dependent polymerase, decreases tubercle bacilli replication
Rifampin
Uses
Pulmonary TB, meningococcal carriers (prevention)
Rifampin
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to this product, rifamycins; active Neisseria meningitidis infection
Rifampin
Side Effects
CNS: headache, fatigue, anxiety, drowsiness, confusion
EENT: visual disturbances
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Diarrhea, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, Heartburn, sore mouth and tongue, PANCREATITIS, increased LFTs
GU: HEMATURIA, ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, HEMOGLOBINURIA
HEMA: HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, ANEMIA, EOSINOPHILIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, LEUKOPENIA
INTEG: rash, pruritus, urticaria
MISC: flulike symptoms, menstrual disturbances, edema, SOB, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, ANGIEDEMA, ANAPHYLAXIS
MS: ataxia, weakness
Rifampin
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- INFECTION: sputum culture, lung sounds, characteristics of sputum
- Signs of anemia: Hct, Hgb, fatigue
- Hepatic studies monthly: ALT, AST, bilirubin
- Renal status before, each mo: BUN, creatinine, output, specific gravity, urinalysis
- Hepatic status: decreased appetite, jaundice, dark urine, fatigue
- SERIOUS SKIN REACTIONS: fever, sore throat, fatigue, ulcers; lesions in mouth, lips, rash; can be fatal
- PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain/cramping, bloody stools, product should be discontinued, prescriber notified
Isoniazid
Functional Classification
Antitubercular