Acid-Controlling Drugs Flashcards
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Chemical Classification
Imidazole Derivative
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits histamine at H2-receptor site in the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Uses
Short-term treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers and maintenance; management of GERD (PO) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; prevention of upper GI bleeding; prevent, relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, upper GI bleeding
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Side Effects
CNS: Constipation, Headache, depression, dizziness, anxiety, weakness, psychosis, tremors, SEIZURES
CV: bradycardia, tachycardia, DYSRHYTHMIAS
GI: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, PARALYTIC ILEUS, JAUNDICE
GU: gynecomastia, galactorrhea, impotence, increase in BUN, creatinine
HEMA: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, NEUTROPENIA, APLASTIC ANEMIA, INCREASE IN PT
INTEG: urticaria, rash, alopecia, sweating, flushing, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
RESP: PNEUMONIA
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- Gastric pH(>/=5 should be maintained); epigastric pain, duration, intensity; aggravating, ameliorating factors
- I&O ratio, BUN, creatinine, LFTs, CBC with differential periodically
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Functional Classification
H2-histamine receptor antagonist
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Mechanism of Action
Competitively inhibits histamine at histamine H2-receptor site, thus decreasing gastric secretion while pepsin remains at a stable level
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Uses
Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer, maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, multiple endocrine adenomas, gastric ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease, heartburn
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Side Effects
CNS: Headache, Dizziness, paresthesia, depression, anxiety, somnolence, insomnia, fever, SEIZURES IN RENAL DISEASE
CV: DYSRHYTHMIAS, QT PROLONGATION (IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTIONING)
EENT: taste change, tinnitus, orbital edema
GI: Constipation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cramps, abnormal hepatic enzymes, diarrhea
HEMA: THROMBOCYTOPENIA, APLASTIC ANEMIA
INTEG: rash, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME
MS: myalgia, arthralgia
RESP: PNEUMONIA
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- ULCERS: epigastric pain, abdominal pain, frank or occult blood in emesis, stools
- Intragastric pH, serum creatinine/BUN baseline and periodically
- Blood counts during therapy; watch for decreasing platelets; if low, therapy may have to be discontinued, restarted after hematologic recovery
- For bleeding, hematuria, hematuresis, occult blood in stools; abdominal pain
- BLOOD DYSCRASIAS (THROMBOCYTOPENIA): bruising, fatigue, bleeding, poor healing
PERFORM/PROVIDE:
-Increase in bulk and fluids in diet to prevent constipation
Sucralfate
Functional Classification
Protectant, antiulcer
Sucralfate
Chemical Classification
Aluminum hydroxide, sulfated sucrose
Sucralfate
Mechanism of Action
Forms a complex that adheres to ulcer site, absorbs pepsin
