antipsychotics side effeects Flashcards

1
Q

acute dystonia
sustained muscle contraction (e.g. torticollis, oculogyric crisis)

neck jerking etc

managed how

A

procyclidine

Procyclidine acts by blocking central cholinergic receptors, and thus balancing cholinergic and dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia.

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2
Q

akathisia (severe restlessness) managed how

A

switch to different med

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3
Q

tardive dyskinesia (late onset of choreoathetoid movements, abnormal, involuntary, may occur in 40% of patients, may be irreversible, most common is chewing and pouting of jaw)

managed how

A

Tetrabenazine

acts within the basal ganglia and promotes depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from stores. It also decreases uptake into synaptic vesicles.

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4
Q

Parkinsonism. This side effect of antipsychotic medication, such as chlorpromazine, is characterised by the presence of a resting tremor, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity and postural instability. These symptoms are due to the dopamine-blocking effects of these medications in the basal ganglia, which results in an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine activity.

managed how

A

change medication to atypical antipysochotic

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5
Q

what is Tapentadol and moa

A

dual mode of action as an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Analgesia occurs within 32 minutes of oral administration, and lasts for 4–6 hours

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6
Q

when is lidocanine used

A

tender point pain - works like a treat but no evidence

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7
Q

when does hepatic encephalopathy occur

A

Hepatic encephalopathy, also called portosystemic encephalopathy, happens when your liver isn’t filtering toxins as it should

can occur in liver cancer anything that cause failure which coudl worsen peoples confusion

Taking medications or supplements (like antibiotics, antiseizure medications or vitamin B1).
Managing any underlying health conditions.
Life support measures, including placement of a breathing tube and ventilator (breathing support).
Surgery or organ transplant.

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8
Q

Long-term atypical antipsychotics can lead to the development of

A

glucose dysregulation and diabetes - need to do fasting glucose levels

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9
Q

diabetes seen in what class of drugs

A

atypcial antipsychptics

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10
Q

Which class of drug have the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency warned may be associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism in elderly patients?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

increase risk of stroke and VTE

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11
Q

other side effects of antip

A

antimuscarinic: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation
sedation, weight gain
raised prolactin
may result in galactorrhoea
due to inhibition of the dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular pathway
impaired glucose tolerance
neuroleptic malignant syndrome: pyrexia, muscle stiffness
reduced seizure threshold (greater with atypicals)
prolonged QT interval (particularly haloperidol)

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12
Q

SSRIs and MAOIs should never be combined as there is a risk of

A

serotonin syndrome

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13
Q

difference between knights move and flight of ideas

A

Differentiating between Knight’s move and flight of ideas - Knight’s move thinking there are illogical leaps from one idea to another, flight of ideas there are discernible links between ideas

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14
Q

For more severe OCD, or if unresponsive to CBT/exposure and response prevention then add an

A

SSRI

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15
Q

severe functional imapiremnt OCD

A

refer to secodnary care

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16
Q

presonal preference for antidepressant treatment

A

give them SSRI

17
Q

Stopping of voluntary movement or staying still in an unusual position

A

catatonia

schizo

18
Q

personality disorder is associated with a history of recurrent self-harm and intense interpersonal relationships that alternate between idealization and devaluation

A

borderline

19
Q

lack close friends other than family and can have odd or eccentric behaviour, speech and beliefs

A

schizotypal personality disorder