antipsychotics Flashcards
describe the biological basis for antipsychotic treatments?
involves the hyperactivation of the dopamine system
typical antipsychotics block which receptors?
d2 receptors (AC-inhibited)ari
the typical antipsychotics are largely effective for which type of symptoms?
positive symptoms
which type of antipsychotics causes elevated prolactin levels and also produces extrapyramidal symptoms?
typical antipsychotics
________antipsychotics are equally effective but differ in potency/side effects
typical
atypical antipsychotics block D2 receptors and what other receptors which may reduce the EPS and improve efficacy for negative symptoms?
5HT2A
which phenothiazine (low potency typical antipsychotic) has an aliphatic side chain?
chlorpromazine
What is important to remember about the typical antipsychotics that have a piperazine group in the side chain?
they are POTENT-fluphenazine
low potency typical anti-psychotics have a ______ risk of EPS , but an increased risk of antimuscarinic AEs
decreased
name the antipsychotic that has high potency and is a butyrophenone
haloperidol
which antipsychotic is only considered atypical at low doses, but is typical at high doses?
risperidone (5-HT2/D2 antagonist
limited EPS at low doses
name the only approved antipsycotic agent used in children and teens?
risperidone
name the atypical antipsychotics? (6)
Aripiprazole Clozapine Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasadone "Atypicals can Occasionally quiet risky zebras"
which atypical antipsychotic is a D2 partial agonist that reduces actions of the full agonist?
aripiprazole (abilify)
which atypical antipsychotic has 5-HT2A antagonist and 5-HT1A partial agonist activity and has lower incidence of side effects?
aripiprazole (abilify)
name the atypical antipsychotic: 5-HT2A, H-HT1A, 5-HT2C/D2 antagonist with limited extrapyramidal symptoms
ziprasidone
name the 4 atypical antipsychotics (2nd gen.) with the highest potential for CYP interactions via CYP3A4/2D6
Aripiprazole Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone "1, 4, 5, 6"
which 2 atypical antipsychotics have a high risk of causing diabetes and causing weight gain?
Clozapine
Olanzapine
“Cheetos & Oreos”
among the atypical antipsychotic drugs, which has the highest risk for EPS?
risperidone
which two atypical antipsychotics have highest for elevated prolactin level?
Risperidone
“PRolactin”
among the atypical antipsychotics, which has the highest risk for QT prolongation?
ziprasidone
what exactly are extra-pyramidal symptoms?
dystonias (sustained contraction of muscles leading to twisted, distorted postures)
parkinson-like symptoms
akathisia (motor restlessness)
tardive dyskinesia
what is neuroleptic syndrome?
suppression of spontaneous movements & complex behaviors
reduced initiative & interest in environment
decreased manifestations of emotions
psychotic symptoms disappear over time
which antipsychotics can lower seizure thresholds via CNS effects?
low potency phenothiazines (chlorpromazine)
