Antiprotozoal drugs Flashcards
3 tissue amebicides and what they do
chloroquine
metronidazole
these act on organisms in the bowel wall and the liver
3 luminal amebicides and what they do
diloxanide furoate
iodoquinol
paromomycin
these act only in lumen of bowel
DOC for asymptomatic amebiasis
diloxanide furoate
DOC for mild to severe intestinal amebiasis infection
metronidazole + luminal agent
Iodoquinol
AEs
-thyroid enlargement neurotoxic effects (peripheral neuropathy and visual dysfunction)
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
Elimination
elimination requires hepatic metabolism
Metronidazole and Tinidazole:
MoA
undergoes bioactivation of its nitro group by ferredoxin (present in anaerobic parasites) –> forms reactive cytotoxic products
Metronidazole and Tinidazole:
Use
- DOC in severe intestinal wall disease, hepatic abscess, and other extraintestinal amebic disease
- drugs used with luminal amebicide
- Metro is DOC for trichomoniasis
- Metro part of triple therapy for H. Pylori
- Metro also giardiasis, Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria (C. diff)
Metronidazole and Tinidazole:
AE
- dark coloration of urine
- leukopenia, dizziness, ataxia
- disulfram like reaction with ethanol
Paromomycin
type of drug
aminoglycoside antibiotic
Paromomycin
use
luminal mebicide
-some efficacy against cryptosporidiosis in AIDS pt.
Nitazoxanide
use
- activity against various protozoans and helminthes
- appears to have activity against metronidazole resistant strains
Pentamidine
AE
Severe effects following IV use
- respiratory stim. followed by depression
- hypoTN resulting from peripheral vasodilation
hypoglycemia, anemia, neutropenia
-hepatitis, pancreatitis
