Antiparasitics Flashcards
What is the drug of choice for tetanus treatment?
Metronidazole
What is the MOA of metronidazole?
N group accepts e- from ferrodoxin of anaerobic parasite -> Reductive bioactivation produces cytotoxic products -> react with protein and DNA causing damage and death to parasite
Indications of Metranidazole EXCEPT
a. Bacteroides fragilis caused meningitis
b. trichomoniasis
c. Giardiasis
d. Gardnerella vaginalis infection
e. NOTA
E
Mixed Amebicide include
a. Metronidazole
b. Diloxonide
c. Paramomycin
d. NOTA
A. B and C are luminal amebicides
What is the indication for diloxanide furoate?
asymptomatic cyst passers combined with metronidazole
What are thew adverse drug reactions for diloxanide furoate?
Flatulence
Dry mouth
Pruritus
What organisms cause Malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. falciparum is resistant to the ff drugs EXCEPT
a. Artemether
b. chloroquine
c. fansidar
d. Quinine
D
Chemotherapy for Malaria include
a. Chloroquine
b. Mefloquine
c. Primaquine
d. Quinine
e. NOTA
C
What drugs are given for malaria prophylaxis?
Mefloquine
Give 6 blood schizonticides
CMFQAL Chloroquine Mefloquine Fansidar Quinine Artemisinin Lumefantrine
The ff are true about Lumefantrine EXCEPT
a. Has activity against P. falciparum
b. Drug levels may be altered by those affecting CYP3A4
c. Oral absorption is impaired by food
d. NOTA
C; absorption is improved by food
Which antimalarial drug causes cinchonism?
Quinine, from the Cinchona tree
Cicnchonism: GHVBT
GI distress, Headache, Vertigo, Blurred Vision, Tinnitus
Coartem is combined __________ and __________
Arthemeter - Lumefantrine
What is the MOA of quinine?
Complexes with dsDNA to prevent its separation therefore blocking DNA replication
ADR of Quinine EXCEPT
a. skin rashes
b. angioedema
c. hemolysis with G6PD deficiency
d. leucopenia
e. NOTA
e
Drug of choice for P. vivax
Chloroquine
MOA of chloroquine
Prevents biocrystallization of parasitic heme into hemozoin causing build up of heme leading to lysis of parasite
T/F Like Quinine, Chloroquine and Primaquine can also cause hemolysis in G6PD
True
FANSIDAR is a combination of
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine
Which antimalarial drug can cause folic acid deficiency
Pyrimethamine
Which is the best antihelminthic drug and usual drug of choice?
Albendazole
Give 5 parasites sensitive to albendazole
PCHAT Pinworm Capilaria Hookworm Ascaris Trichuris
What is the MOA of Albendazole and Mebendazole?
inhibit microtubule synthesis thus irreversibly impairing glucose uptake and ATP formation
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate show high cure rates against which parasite?
Ascaris lumbricoides
Mebendazole is effective for which parasites?
ATE
Ascaris
Trichuris
Enterobius
T/F Mebendazole should be taken after a fatty meal
F; fatty meals increase oral availability of mebendazole and we don’t want that. Thus, it should be taken in an empty stomach
Which antihelminthic paralyzes worm by stimulating the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular joints causing super contraction of muscles followed by depolarization which induces paralysis?
Pyrantel Embonate
Pyrantel Embonate is the drug of choice for
EHA
Enterobious
Hookworm
Ascaris
What is the drug of choice for Filariasis?
Diethylcarbamazine
What is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
What is the drug of choice for tapeworm?
Praziquantel
