Antiparasitics

Question 1

differenc between drug and pesticide

Answer 1

drug has a DIN, pestidies have a PCP act REG number. pesticides cannot be used extra label

Question 2

MOA of imidazothiazoles (i mi da zoe tha zye alls) and tetrahydropyrimidines

Answer 2

they are nicotinic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which causes spastic paralysis of nematode muscles

Question 3

what are the two drugs in the imidazothiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidine category I have to knoew?

Answer 3

levamisole and pyrantel–>concentration dependent

Question 4

toxicity of levamisole can look similar to

Answer 4

organophosphate poisoning, with nicotinic and muscarinic effects (DUMBBELLS)

Question 5

pyrantel is used for? not suitable for?

Answer 5

acts directly on worms in the GI tract, not suitable for treating tissue stages of worms, safer than levamisole

Question 6

why is pyrantel considered safe?

Answer 6

it is poorly absorbed from the GI tract, so you can give high doses (to a point obviously)

Question 7

organophosphate/carbamate toxicosis is primarily caused by ______. How does this happen?

Answer 7

acetylchline excess/acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

these are pesticides that can get into the skin of animals, esp in agriculture and landscaping

Question 8

what are some signs of acute organophosphate/carbamate toxicosis?

Answer 8

DUMBBELLS: diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchorrea, emesis, lacrimation, lethargy, salivation/sweating

Nicotinic: muscle tremors, tetany, weakness, tachycardia

Death due to respiratoy failure: bronchosecretions, bronchiolar constriction, intercostal muscle paralysis

Question 9

best way to treat organophosphate/carbomate toxicosis

Answer 9

atropine (an anticholinergic), and wash the animal off!

Question 10

is Advtantix II for dogs a drug or a pesticide?

Answer 10

a pesticide

Question 11

your client wants some advantix for their dog, what is one VERY important question you should ask them?

Answer 11

if the dog has any interaction with cats, it is TOXIC to cats!

Question 12

what is the active ingredient in Advantix for dogs? What is it used for?

Answer 12

Pyrethrin/Pyrethroid, for ectoparasites like ticks, mosquitos, flies, etc

Question 13

MOA of pyrethrin/pyrethroid?

Answer 13

stimulate sodum channels to remain open longer, causing increased depolarization/AP transmission

Question 14

if a cat has pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis, how do you treat this?

Answer 14

wash the cat, then give Methocarbamol, or other anti seizure drugs

Question 15

what is a tubulin/microtubulin?

Answer 15

they form the structure of cells and move stuff within the cells

Question 16

MOA of benzimidazoles? what is the one drug in this class I need to know?

Answer 16

disrupt nematode tubulin-microtublin equilibrium
fenbendazole

Question 17

because of long GI transit time, benzimidazoles are most effective in

Answer 17

ruminants

Question 18

MOA of isoxazolines? 3 drugs I need to know in this class?

Answer 18

GABA gated chloride channel antagonists (decreases inhibition), spastic paralysis of fleas, ticks, demodex, sarcoptes

afoxolaner, fluralaner, sarolaner

Question 19

MOA of ivermectin

Answer 19

bind to ligand gated Cl channels and increase chloide conductance–>flaccid paralysis (it hyperpolarizes the neuron)

Question 20

what class of drug is moxidectin?

Answer 20

it is an avermectin, same MOA as ivermectin, long duration of action

Question 21

what is the one anti-cestode drug I need to know and the MOA?

Answer 21

praziquantel

alter parasite calcium channels causing spastoc paralysis, high first pass effect

Question 22

a client wants a routine flea/tick prevention drug for their dog and cat. Your clinic carries, bravecto, nexguard, and simparica. what is the actual names of these drugs and their MOA?

Answer 22

they are all isoxazoliners, they are GABA gated channel antagonists, decreasing inhibition and causing spastic paralysis

nexguard: afoxolaner
fluralaner: bravecto
sarolaner: revolution plus/simparica