Antiparasitics Flashcards
differenc between drug and pesticide
drug has a DIN, pestidies have a PCP act REG number. pesticides cannot be used extra label
MOA of imidazothiazoles (i mi da zoe tha zye alls) and tetrahydropyrimidines
they are nicotinic agonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which causes spastic paralysis of nematode muscles
what are the two drugs in the imidazothiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidine category I have to knoew?
levamisole and pyrantel–>concentration dependent
toxicity of levamisole can look similar to
organophosphate poisoning, with nicotinic and muscarinic effects (DUMBBELLS)
pyrantel is used for? not suitable for?
acts directly on worms in the GI tract, not suitable for treating tissue stages of worms, safer than levamisole
why is pyrantel considered safe?
it is poorly absorbed from the GI tract, so you can give high doses (to a point obviously)
organophosphate/carbamate toxicosis is primarily caused by ______. How does this happen?
acetylchline excess/acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
these are pesticides that can get into the skin of animals, esp in agriculture and landscaping
what are some signs of acute organophosphate/carbamate toxicosis?
DUMBBELLS: diarrhea, urination, miosis, bradycardia, bronchorrea, emesis, lacrimation, lethargy, salivation/sweating
Nicotinic: muscle tremors, tetany, weakness, tachycardia
Death due to respiratoy failure: bronchosecretions, bronchiolar constriction, intercostal muscle paralysis
best way to treat organophosphate/carbomate toxicosis
atropine (an anticholinergic), and wash the animal off!
is Advtantix II for dogs a drug or a pesticide?
a pesticide
your client wants some advantix for their dog, what is one VERY important question you should ask them?
if the dog has any interaction with cats, it is TOXIC to cats!
what is the active ingredient in Advantix for dogs? What is it used for?
Pyrethrin/Pyrethroid, for ectoparasites like ticks, mosquitos, flies, etc
MOA of pyrethrin/pyrethroid?
stimulate sodum channels to remain open longer, causing increased depolarization/AP transmission
if a cat has pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis, how do you treat this?
wash the cat, then give Methocarbamol, or other anti seizure drugs
what is a tubulin/microtubulin?
they form the structure of cells and move stuff within the cells
MOA of benzimidazoles? what is the one drug in this class I need to know?
disrupt nematode tubulin-microtublin equilibrium
fenbendazole
because of long GI transit time, benzimidazoles are most effective in
ruminants
MOA of isoxazolines? 3 drugs I need to know in this class?
GABA gated chloride channel antagonists (decreases inhibition), spastic paralysis of fleas, ticks, demodex, sarcoptes
afoxolaner, fluralaner, sarolaner
MOA of ivermectin
bind to ligand gated Cl channels and increase chloide conductance–>flaccid paralysis (it hyperpolarizes the neuron)
what class of drug is moxidectin?
it is an avermectin, same MOA as ivermectin, long duration of action
what is the one anti-cestode drug I need to know and the MOA?
praziquantel
alter parasite calcium channels causing spastoc paralysis, high first pass effect
a client wants a routine flea/tick prevention drug for their dog and cat. Your clinic carries, bravecto, nexguard, and simparica. what is the actual names of these drugs and their MOA?
they are all isoxazoliners, they are GABA gated channel antagonists, decreasing inhibition and causing spastic paralysis
nexguard: afoxolaner
fluralaner: bravecto
sarolaner: revolution plus/simparica
