Antimicrobials 1 (intro)

Question 1

define antibacterial, antiseptic, and disinfectant

Answer 1

antibacterial: kills or inhibitis bacterial growth
antiseptic: reduces microbial population on living tissue
disinfectant: reduced bacterial population on inanimate object

Question 2

why shouldnt you use chlorohex near the eyes

Answer 2

it can cause corneal ulcers

Question 3

iodine and chlorohex are examples of

Answer 3

antiseptics, chlorohex is better

Question 4

define MIC and MBC

Answer 4

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration (inhibiting growth)
MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration (killing the bacteria)

Question 5

what does “concentration dependent” mean? what are some examples of concentration dependent antimicrobials?

Answer 5

the more drug you give, the more bacteria you’re killing.
ex) metronidazole, aminoglycosides, fluorquinolones

Question 6

what does “time dependent” mean? what are some examples of time dependent drugs?

Answer 6

the efficacy of the drug dpends on the amount of time the concentration at the site of action is higher than the MIC. So when you dose, you try to max the time above the MIC

many examples: penicillins, cephalosporins, tatracyclines, etc

Question 7

when doing culture and sensitivity testing, bacteria are classified as ____ or _____ based on ______

Answer 7

susceptible, resistant
MIC breakpoints

breakpoints: specific to the drug
MIC: specific to the bacteria

Question 8

what is empirical treatment?

Answer 8

treating without having a culture and sensitivity, giving it your best guess