Adrenergic/Cholinergic Drugs Flashcards
alpha 2 agonists are good for ????? bad for????
good for premeds, anesthesia, standing procedures
bad for patients with compromised CV function
reducing the dose of an alpha 2 agonist will do what?
dcrease the duration but not the magnitude of the effects
how do alpha 2 agonists: provide sedation and analgesia, and reduce cardiac output?
sedation: inhibition of norepinepherine release in the brainstem
anelgesia: decreased neurotransmitter release and signal transmission is afferent pathways
cardiac output: initial effect is vasoconstriction, then relfex bardycardia, presynaptic effect leading to vasodilation
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: Xyalzine
drug type: alpha 2 agonist
use: sedative in large animal
side effects: AV block, reduced GI motility, sweating, increased myometrial tone, makes cats vomit
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: Detomidine
drug type: alpha 2 agonist
use: sedation and pain for standing sx in horses mostly, sometimes cattle
side effects: WAY more potent than xyalzine, less likely to cause premature delivery than xylazine
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: Dexmedetomidine
drug type: alpha 2 agonist
use: sedation/premed for small animals
side effects: makes 50% of cats vomit
how is dexmedetomidine different from medetomidine?
dex is a pure active enamtiomer while med is both enantiomers and it is therefore half as potent
alpha 2 agonists have better anelgesia and sedation when you
pair it with an opiod
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: dobutamine
drug type: beta 1 agonist
use: positive ionotrope, DOES NOT increase heart rate, short half life so given as a CRI
side effects: tachycardia in high doses, seizures in cats
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: clenbuterol
drug type: beta 2 agonist
use: bronchodilator, sometimes treat equine asthma, inhibits uterine contractions
side effects: can be used as a growth promoter and is banned in food animals
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: epinephrine
drug type: non selective adrenergic agonist
use: treatment of anaphylaxsis (vasoconstriction but dilation of airways, increases cardiac output)
side effects: increases myocardial oxygen consumption
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: prazosin
type: alpha 1 antagonist
use: aterial and venous vasodilator, used to treat urinary blocks in cats
side effects: very protein bound
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: Atipamezole
type: alpha 2 antagonist
use: compeitive alpha 2 antagonist,reverses sedation and anelgesia
side effects: reverses everything!
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: atenolol
type: beta 1 antagonist
use: negative ionotrope, treat ventricular tachycardia and arterial hypertension, sometimes used in kidney disease high BP
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: Neostigmine
type: cholinergic
use: reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinerase, increases gut motility, treat myasthenia gravis
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: atropine and glycopyrrolate
which more easily crosses the BBB?
type: anticholinergics
use: competitive muscarinic antagonists to reduce response to PS nerve impulses
adverse effects: tachyarrythmias, mania, ileus in horses
glycopyrrolate is more polar than atropine so it doesn’t easily cross the BBB so it has less CNS side effects associated with it
describe the drug type, use, side effects of: hyoscine butylbromide
type: anticholinergic
use: similar effects to atropine, useful in horses with gas colic, acute asthsma treatment, rectal exams in horses (remember, this will decrease gut motility!)
