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Pharmacology > Antiparasitic Medicines > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Medicines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the advantages of using topical ectoparasiticides?

A

Safe (less side effects)

Easy application

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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of using topical ectoparasiticides?

A

Animals may lick

Slow dermal absorption due to variable skin thickness

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3
Q

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids can be toxic to cats. Why is this?

A

Cats have a deficiency in hepatic glucuronidation

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pyrethrins and pyrethroids (ectoparasiticides)?

A

Extends opening of sodium channels = hyperexcitation

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5
Q

Lufenuron and Triflumuron are ectoparasiticides. What is their mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits chitin/exoskeleton formation

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6
Q

Fipronil is an ectoparasite. What is this drug’s mechanism of action?

A

Blocks GABA and glutamate - gated chloride channels which causes nerve hyperexcitation and paralysis

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the ectoparasiticide Imidacloprid and Nitenpyram?

A

Neurotoxin.

Blocks nicotinic Ach receptors in the insect’s CNS = paralysis and death

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8
Q

Spinosad is an ectoparasiticide. What is the mechanism of action?

A

Targets nicotinic Ach receptors in CNS.

GABA neurotransmitter agonist.

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9
Q

‘Dog only’ ectoparasiticide products are safe to use on cats. True/False?

A

False - toxic

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel?

A

Increases contraction = paralysis and death

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11
Q

What type of endoparasiticide is praziquantel?

A

Anticestodal

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12
Q

Closantel is an endoparasiticide that targets trematodes. What is its mechanism of action?

A

Decouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation = inhibition of ATP synthesis and death

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13
Q

Benzimidazoles are a endoparasiticide that target nematodes. What is their mechanism of action?

A

Bind to tubulin and interrupt energy metabolism and nutrient uptake

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14
Q

Name 4 benzimidazoles

A
  1. Febantel
  2. Fenbendazole
  3. Oxfendazole
  4. Triclabendazole
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15
Q

Levamisole has what mechanism of action?

A

Nicotinic Ach receptor agonist

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16
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines act on what receptors?

A

Ach receptors - neuromuscular blockage

17
Q

Name 3 tetrahydropyrimidines

A
  1. Pyrantel
  2. Oxantel
  3. Morantel
18
Q

Emodepside (an endoparasiticide) binds to _-____ coupled receptors and causes _____ and death

A

Emodepside (an endoparasiticide) binds to G-protein coupled receptors and causes paralysis and death

19
Q

Piperazine is a _____ receptor agonist which causes _____ and death

A

Piperazine is a GABA receptor agonist which causes paralysis and death

20
Q

Name the 2 common categories/classes of macrocyclic lactones (endectocides)

A
  1. Avermectins

2. Milbemycins

21
Q

What are the 2 classes of endectocide drugs?

A

Organophosphates

Macrocyclic lactones

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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