Antiparasitic Flashcards
First line treatment for Leishmania
Amphotericin B
First line treatment for cryptosporidiosis
Nitazoxanide
First line treatment for ascariasis
Albendazole
First line treatment for hookworm
Albendazole
First line treatment for neurocysticercosis
Albendazole
First line treatment for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
First line treatment for stronglyodiasis
Ivermectin
First line treatment for plasmodium prevention
Chloroquine
First line treatment for severe malaria
Artemisin
Prophylaxis of malaria
Proguanil
First line treatment for toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin
First line treatment for trypanosomiasis
Pentamidine
First line treatment for giardiasis
Metronidazole
First line treatment for trichomoniasis
Metronidazole
First line treatment for advanced trypanosomiasis
Eflorenthine + nifurtimox
Clioquinol
8-hydroxiquinolone
Intraluminal immobilization of protozoa
Amebas
- Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy
Metronidazole
Nitroimidazole
Activated by ferredoxin or flavodoxin —> free radicals
—> DNA breaks —> death
Amebiasis and Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis
Anaerobic bacteria
Which antiparasitic can be used in H.pylori therapy if the patient is allergic to amoxicillin?
Metronidazole
Metronidazole side effects
Peripheral neuropathy
ALCOHOL - disulfiram reaction
Metronidazole targets
take the METRO To lonG BEaCH
Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Bacterioides
Entamoeba
Clostridium
H.pylori
Nitazoxanide
Broad spectrum
Interacts with electron transfer in protozoa
CRYPTOSPOIDIOSIS
***teratogenic
Pentamidine
Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis of protozoa
Parenteral
Trypanosomas
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Benzimidazoles target protozoa or helmints?
Helmints
Benzimidazole MOA
Binds b-tubulin —> inhibit microtubule polymerization
—> selective toxicity
Albendazole
Benzimidazole prodrug
NEMATODES
Ascaris
Hookwork (necator)
Taenia - neurocysticercosis
Giardia
Echinococcus
Albendazole side effects
Headache
Hepatotoxic
Tinidazole
Nitroimidazole
Activated by ferredoxin/flavodoxin —> free radical —> death
Longer half-life than metronidazole and less side effects
Mebendazole
Benzimidazole
NEMATODE
Ascarisis
Trichuriasis
Hookworm
With cimetidine
Benzimidazole main side effect
Teratogenic
Praziquantel
Increases Ca2+ permeability in parasites
—> muscle paralysis —> death
Tegumental damage —> ROS, expose antigen
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
2nd line cysticercosis to albendazole
Ivermectin
High affinity Cl- ion channel binding —> permeability
—> cell hyperpolarization —> paralysis —> death
STRONGYLODIASIS
Lice
Scabies
Trichuriasis
Ascariasis
Ivermectin side effect
MAZZOTI-LIKE REACTION
Drug that causes mazzoti-like reaction
Ivermectin
Chloroquine
Quinoline derivative
Accumulate in Plasmodium vacuole —> bind heme
—> prevent hemozoin
Since heme is toxic to parasite —> death
FIRST LINE FOR PLASMODIUM
Chloroquine side effects
Pruritus
Retinopathy - bilateral
CNS: agitation, confusion
Primaquine
Quinolone derivative
Accumulate in Plasmodium vacuole —> bind heme
—> prevent hemozoin
Since heme is toxic to parasite —> death
Malaria PROPHYLAXIS
Rare use for pneumocystis pneumonia
Pramiquine side effects
Hemolytic anemia
Arrythmias
GI effects
Artemisin
Prodrug —> dihydroartemisin —> accumulate in vacuola
—> bind to heme —> free radical prod —> death
SEVERE MALARIA
Pyrimethamine
Inhibit DHFR ++++sulfadoxime
—> no DNA synthesis
Malaria
Pyrimethamine side effects
CNS: ataxia, tremor, seizure
Pancytopenia
Secnidazole
Nitroimidazole
Rarely used