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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Antineoplastics > Flashcards

Antineoplastics Flashcards

1
Q

cancer

A

development and reproduction of abnormal cells
unctrolled and rapid
cells rob normal cells of vital nutrients

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2
Q

tumor or neoplasm

A

groups of cells without function

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3
Q

malignant

A

bad, cancerous

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4
Q

benign

A

noncancerous, but can still cause complications

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5
Q

primary site

A

origination/initial location of tumor

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6
Q

metastasis

A

cancer spreads to other locations of body (circulatory or lymphatic)

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7
Q

types of tumors

A

sold (breast, lungs)

diffuse (leukemia, Hodgkin’s Disease)

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8
Q

antineoplastics

A

drugs to inhibit tumor growth/cell reproduction

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9
Q

problem with antineoplastics

A

cannot differentiate health cells from cancer cells, healthy cells destroyed as well
can be very toxic

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10
Q

chemotherapy

A

drugs used to kill cancer cells (also used for autoimmune condition)
given in cycles to allow resting period for normal cells to recover

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11
Q

types of doctors used to treat cancer

A

oncologist and hematologist

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12
Q

types of cancer

A

carcinomas, sarcomas, leukocytes, lymphocytes and lymph tissue

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13
Q

types of carcinomas

A

stomach, liver, breast, kidney, glands, skin

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14
Q

types of sarcomas

A

bone, fat, lymph and blood vessels

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15
Q

top cancer causing deaths in males

A

lung, prostate, colon

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16
Q

top cancer causing deaths in females

A

lung, breast, colon

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17
Q

early detection screenings

A

SBE, mammograms, DRE, colonoscopy/hemoccult, pap smear, annual checkups

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18
Q

cancer risk factors

A

smoking, obesity, poor nutrition, excessive alcohol, HPV, hep C, excessive sun/UV, genetics

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19
Q

phases of cell division

A

mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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20
Q

cancer treatments

A

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunomodulators

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21
Q

goals for chemotherapy

A

reduce tumor size so pts immune sys can take over to fight

combination chemo- higher cancer cell kill than single

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22
Q

common side effects from antineoplastics

A

bone marrow depression, GI ulceration, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, extravasation with IV

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23
Q

toxicity from cancer drugs

A

hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, cardiac toxicity

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24
Q

types of cancer drugs

A

cell cycle non specific agents (CCNS)

cell cycle specific agents (CCS)

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25
Q

cell cycle non specific agents (CCNS)

A

cytotoxic at any phase of cell cycle

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26
Q

cell cycle specific agents (CCS)

A

cytotoxic during a specific phase of cell cycle

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27
Q

alkylating drugs MOA

A

bind to DNA/RNA/proteins, inhibit cell reproduction, cell dies

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28
Q

what cancer is busulfan (Myleran®) used for (alkylating drug)

A

leukemia

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29
Q

what cancer is cisplatin (Platinol®) used for (alkylating drug)

A

testicular, lung, breast, ovarian

30
Q

what cancer is cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®) used for

A

breast, ovarian, leukemia

31
Q

what cancer is mechlorethamine (Mustargen®) used for

A

lymphoma, leukemia

32
Q

what cancer is carboplatin (Paraplatin®) used for

A

breast, lung, ovarian, bladder

33
Q

MOA of antimetabolites

A

inhibits enzymes essential to RNA and DNA synthesis

34
Q

what cancer are both antimetabolites used for

A

leukemia

35
Q

MOA of cytotoxic antibiotics

A

inhibit nucleic acid and protein synthesis

36
Q

what cancer is bleomycin (Blenoxane®) used for

A

head/neck, testicular, ovarian

37
Q

what cancer is doxorubicin (Adriamycin®) used for

A

lymphoma, breast

38
Q

MOA of plant extracts/mitotic inhibitors

A

inhibit mitosis during metaphase

39
Q

what cancer is vincristine (Oncovin®) used for

A

leukemia, lymphoma

40
Q

what cancer vinblastine (Velban®) used for

A

lymphoma

41
Q

what cancer is etoposide (Toposar®) used for

A

testicular, lung

42
Q

what cancer is paclitaxel (Taxol®) used for

A

ovarian, breast, lung

43
Q

what cancer is docetaxel (Taxotere®) used for

A

breast, lung, prostate

44
Q

MOA of hormonal antagonists

A

block hormones from binding, prevent cell growth

45
Q

uses for hormonal antagonists

A

adjunct therapy after surgery, radiation, chemotherapy (usually given for several years following cancer treatment)

46
Q

subcategories of hormonal antagonists

A

anti-estrogens, anti-androgens

47
Q

what cancer are both anti-estrogens used for

A

breast cancer

48
Q

what cancer are both anti-androgens used for

A

prostate

49
Q

MOA monoclonal antibodies

A

target specific cancer cells and allow other immune cells to join on destroying, block cancer cell proliferation

50
Q

what cancer is trastuzumab (Herceptin®) used for

A

HER-2 positive breast cancer

51
Q

what cancer is rituximab (Rituxan®) used for

A

leukemia, lymphoma

52
Q

what should each drug have in combination chemotherapy

A

active against the specific diagnosed cancer
different site of action and act at different point in cell cycle
different organ toxicity

53
Q

what do T and B cells do

A

T- destroy antigen

B- produce antibodies

54
Q

what produces cytokines

A

regulate and direct immune cell activity

55
Q

immunomodulators

A

stimulate activity of immune system

56
Q

what do immunomodulators treat

A

myelosuppresion, AIDS, cancer, disorders of immune system

57
Q

subcategories of immunomodulators

A

interferons and interleukins

58
Q

interferons

A

mediators involved in immune attack on infectious organisms and foreign substances

59
Q

interleukins

A

stimulates T and B cell activity

60
Q

what are other immunomodulators

A

colony stimulating factors, GM-CSF, G-CSF

61
Q

what do colony stimulating factors do

A

stimulate RBC production

62
Q

what do GM-CSF do

A

stimulate WBC proliferation

63
Q

what do G-CSF do

A

prevent neutropenia and fever in chemo pts, increase neutrophil count

64
Q

goals with immunomodulators

A

decrease proliferation of cancer cells, increase phagocytic activity of immune system, increase lymphocyte cell-killing properties

65
Q

MOA of antiemetics

A

block chemoreceptor trigger zone receptors

66
Q

what do antiemetics do

A

decrease/prevent nausea and vommiting

67
Q

cancer prevention

A

routine checkups, screenings, no tobacco use, condoms, good diet, avoid excessive red meat, sunscreen

68
Q

what do immunosuppressants do

A

suppress immune system

autoimmune diseases

69
Q

MOA of cyclosporine

A

suppress T cell function

70
Q

what does cyclosporine treat

A

lupus, RA, suppress bone marrow with transplants

71
Q

MOA of infliximab (Remicade®)

A

inhibits TNF, blocks inflammation and immune sensitivity

72
Q

what does infliximab (Remicade®) treat

A

Crohns disease, RA

Pharmacology Unit 3 (4 decks)

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