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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Antineoplastics > Flashcards

Antineoplastics Flashcards

1
Q

cancer

A

development and reproduction of abnormal cells
unctrolled and rapid
cells rob normal cells of vital nutrients

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2
Q

tumor or neoplasm

A

groups of cells without function

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3
Q

malignant

A

bad, cancerous

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4
Q

benign

A

noncancerous, but can still cause complications

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5
Q

primary site

A

origination/initial location of tumor

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6
Q

metastasis

A

cancer spreads to other locations of body (circulatory or lymphatic)

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7
Q

types of tumors

A

sold (breast, lungs)

diffuse (leukemia, Hodgkin’s Disease)

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8
Q

antineoplastics

A

drugs to inhibit tumor growth/cell reproduction

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9
Q

problem with antineoplastics

A

cannot differentiate health cells from cancer cells, healthy cells destroyed as well
can be very toxic

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10
Q

chemotherapy

A

drugs used to kill cancer cells (also used for autoimmune condition)
given in cycles to allow resting period for normal cells to recover

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11
Q

types of doctors used to treat cancer

A

oncologist and hematologist

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12
Q

types of cancer

A

carcinomas, sarcomas, leukocytes, lymphocytes and lymph tissue

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13
Q

types of carcinomas

A

stomach, liver, breast, kidney, glands, skin

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14
Q

types of sarcomas

A

bone, fat, lymph and blood vessels

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15
Q

top cancer causing deaths in males

A

lung, prostate, colon

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16
Q

top cancer causing deaths in females

A

lung, breast, colon

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17
Q

early detection screenings

A

SBE, mammograms, DRE, colonoscopy/hemoccult, pap smear, annual checkups

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18
Q

cancer risk factors

A

smoking, obesity, poor nutrition, excessive alcohol, HPV, hep C, excessive sun/UV, genetics

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19
Q

phases of cell division

A

mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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20
Q

cancer treatments

A

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunomodulators

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21
Q

goals for chemotherapy

A

reduce tumor size so pts immune sys can take over to fight

combination chemo- higher cancer cell kill than single

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22
Q

common side effects from antineoplastics

A

bone marrow depression, GI ulceration, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, extravasation with IV

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23
Q

toxicity from cancer drugs

A

hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, cardiac toxicity

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24
Q

types of cancer drugs

A

cell cycle non specific agents (CCNS)

cell cycle specific agents (CCS)

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25
cell cycle non specific agents (CCNS)
cytotoxic at any phase of cell cycle
26
cell cycle specific agents (CCS)
cytotoxic during a specific phase of cell cycle
27
alkylating drugs MOA
bind to DNA/RNA/proteins, inhibit cell reproduction, cell dies
28
what cancer is busulfan (Myleran®) used for (alkylating drug)
leukemia
29
what cancer is cisplatin (Platinol®) used for (alkylating drug)
testicular, lung, breast, ovarian
30
what cancer is cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®) used for
breast, ovarian, leukemia
31
what cancer is mechlorethamine (Mustargen®) used for
lymphoma, leukemia
32
what cancer is carboplatin (Paraplatin®) used for
breast, lung, ovarian, bladder
33
MOA of antimetabolites
inhibits enzymes essential to RNA and DNA synthesis
34
what cancer are both antimetabolites used for
leukemia
35
MOA of cytotoxic antibiotics
inhibit nucleic acid and protein synthesis
36
what cancer is bleomycin (Blenoxane®) used for
head/neck, testicular, ovarian
37
what cancer is doxorubicin (Adriamycin®) used for
lymphoma, breast
38
MOA of plant extracts/mitotic inhibitors
inhibit mitosis during metaphase
39
what cancer is vincristine (Oncovin®) used for
leukemia, lymphoma
40
what cancer vinblastine (Velban®) used for
lymphoma
41
what cancer is etoposide (Toposar®) used for
testicular, lung
42
what cancer is paclitaxel (Taxol®) used for
ovarian, breast, lung
43
what cancer is docetaxel (Taxotere®) used for
breast, lung, prostate
44
MOA of hormonal antagonists
block hormones from binding, prevent cell growth
45
uses for hormonal antagonists
adjunct therapy after surgery, radiation, chemotherapy (usually given for several years following cancer treatment)
46
subcategories of hormonal antagonists
anti-estrogens, anti-androgens
47
what cancer are both anti-estrogens used for
breast cancer
48
what cancer are both anti-androgens used for
prostate
49
MOA monoclonal antibodies
target specific cancer cells and allow other immune cells to join on destroying, block cancer cell proliferation
50
what cancer is trastuzumab (Herceptin®) used for
HER-2 positive breast cancer
51
what cancer is rituximab (Rituxan®) used for
leukemia, lymphoma
52
what should each drug have in combination chemotherapy
active against the specific diagnosed cancer different site of action and act at different point in cell cycle different organ toxicity
53
what do T and B cells do
T- destroy antigen | B- produce antibodies
54
what produces cytokines
regulate and direct immune cell activity
55
immunomodulators
stimulate activity of immune system
56
what do immunomodulators treat
myelosuppresion, AIDS, cancer, disorders of immune system
57
subcategories of immunomodulators
interferons and interleukins
58
interferons
mediators involved in immune attack on infectious organisms and foreign substances
59
interleukins
stimulates T and B cell activity
60
what are other immunomodulators
colony stimulating factors, GM-CSF, G-CSF
61
what do colony stimulating factors do
stimulate RBC production
62
what do GM-CSF do
stimulate WBC proliferation
63
what do G-CSF do
prevent neutropenia and fever in chemo pts, increase neutrophil count
64
goals with immunomodulators
decrease proliferation of cancer cells, increase phagocytic activity of immune system, increase lymphocyte cell-killing properties
65
MOA of antiemetics
block chemoreceptor trigger zone receptors
66
what do antiemetics do
decrease/prevent nausea and vommiting
67
cancer prevention
routine checkups, screenings, no tobacco use, condoms, good diet, avoid excessive red meat, sunscreen
68
what do immunosuppressants do
suppress immune system | autoimmune diseases
69
MOA of cyclosporine
suppress T cell function
70
what does cyclosporine treat
lupus, RA, suppress bone marrow with transplants
71
MOA of infliximab (Remicade®)
inhibits TNF, blocks inflammation and immune sensitivity
72
what does infliximab (Remicade®) treat
Crohns disease, RA

Pharmacology Unit 3 (4 decks)

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