Anti-Infectives Part 2 Flashcards by Rachel Westmoreland

fungus

yeast or mold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

symptoms of mycotic infection

Itching, redness, blisters, broken skin, inflammation of scalp, burning, discomfort

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

types of fungal infections

systemic, dermatophytic, candidiasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do systemic infections involve

multiple organs, invasive

blood, heart, lungs, GI, urinary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do dermatophytic infections involve

skin, hair, nails

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do candidiasis infections involve

skin and mucous membranes (vaginal, oral yeast)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of amphotericin B (Fungizone IV®) -antifungal

changes fungal cell permeability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of griseofulvin (Grisactin®) -antifungal

binds to keratin to fungi can’t infect it, inhibits cell reproduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is amphotericin B (Fungizone IV®) used for

systemic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is griseofulvin (Grisactin®) used for

dermatophytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are all “azoles” antifungals used for

candidiasis and some dermatophytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of all “azoles” antifungals

prevent formation of ergosterol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of nystatin (Mycostatin®) -antifungal

binds to ergosterol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is nystatin (Mycostatin®) used for

candidasis

safe in pregnancy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the drug of choice for a systemic infection

ampotericin B (Fungizone IV®)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the drug of choice for a dermatophytic infection

griseofulvin (Grisactin®)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the drug of choice for a candidiasis infection

nystatin (Mycostatin®)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the drug of choice for oral thrush in peds

nystatin (Mycostatin®)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

malaria

infectious disease of circulatory system and liver
goes to bloodstream when bitten
causes RBCs to rupture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

symptoms of malaria

shivering/chills, fever, sweating, decreased RBCs causing anemia, weakness, jaundice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are malaria drugs used for

prophylaxis, acute attack, to cure by eradicating all parasites

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

antimalarials

protozoacidal, used for prophylaxis and tx of malaria

MOA of hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) -antimalarial

acts on DNA, inhibits enzyme activity

also treats lupus and RA

MOA of mefloquine (Lariam®) -antimalarial

acts on erythrocytic stages of plasmodium

MOA of chloroquine (Aralen®) -antimalarial

breaks down plasmodial membranes and kill organisms

anthelmintics

elimination of parasitic worms

symptoms of having parasitic worms

diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, anal itching, abdominal cramps, weight loss

MOA of anthelmintics

paralytic, used in combo w a laxative

tuberculosis (TB)

affects lungs but can also attack brain, spinal cord, kidneys contracted by contaminated droplets of infected indvl who has sneezed/coughed

symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)

weight loss, malaise, fever, chills, night sweats, cough, loss of appetite

types of diagnosis of TB

mantoux (skin) test blood test chest x-ray sputum test

virus

invades living cell | use host cell DNA to replicate itself

HIV

RNA virus, retrovirus reverses normal host cell processes infects helper T/CD4 and macrophages

symptoms/signs of HIV

altered mental status, adenolympho pathy, cough, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing, fatigue, fever, cough, HA, numbness, vision changes, weakness, weight loss

AIDS diagnosis

helper T count < 200 | causes presence of opportunistic diseases

opportunistic diseases of AIDS

herpes, cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, TB

treatment of HIV/AIDS

some cure in pts w chemotherapy improve quality of life and immune function ART

what are the 6 types of anti-retroviral agents

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors protease inhibitors fusion inhibitors entry inhibitors HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors

MOA of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

inhibit reverse transcriptase

what do some nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs have in brand name

vir

MOA of non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

bind to enzyme reverse transcriptase, inhibit protein synthesis

what do all non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors have in generic name

vir

MOA of protease inhibitors

inhibit HIV protease

MOA of fusion inhibitors

prevent completion of HIV fusion sequence

what is the only fusion inhibitor

enfuvirtide, T-20 (Fuzeon®)

MOA of entry inhibitor

blocks HIV attachment to host cell

what is the only entry inhibitor drug

maraviroc (Selzentry®)

MOA of HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors

blocks enzyme produced by retrovirus

what is the only HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor drug

raltegravir (Isentress®)

viral load and CD4 count

viral load- the lower the better | CD4 count- the higher the better

MOA of acyclovir (Zovirax®) and valacyclovir (Valtrex®)

inhibit herpes replication

use and MOA of amantadine (Symmetrel®)

influenza A | prevents virus from releasing DNA into host cell

uses and MOA of oselamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®)

treat influenza B and swine flu | viruses clump together making it unable to invade host cell