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Pharmacology Unit 3 > Anti-Infectives Part 2 > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

fungus

A

yeast or mold

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2
Q

symptoms of mycotic infection

A

Itching, redness, blisters, broken skin, inflammation of scalp, burning, discomfort

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3
Q

types of fungal infections

A

systemic, dermatophytic, candidiasis

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4
Q

what do systemic infections involve

A

multiple organs, invasive

blood, heart, lungs, GI, urinary

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5
Q

what do dermatophytic infections involve

A

skin, hair, nails

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6
Q

what do candidiasis infections involve

A

skin and mucous membranes (vaginal, oral yeast)

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7
Q

MOA of amphotericin B (Fungizone IV®) -antifungal

A

changes fungal cell permeability

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8
Q

MOA of griseofulvin (Grisactin®) -antifungal

A

binds to keratin to fungi can’t infect it, inhibits cell reproduction

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9
Q

what is amphotericin B (Fungizone IV®) used for

A

systemic

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10
Q

what is griseofulvin (Grisactin®) used for

A

dermatophytic

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11
Q

what are all “azoles” antifungals used for

A

candidiasis and some dermatophytic

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12
Q

MOA of all “azoles” antifungals

A

prevent formation of ergosterol

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13
Q

MOA of nystatin (Mycostatin®) -antifungal

A

binds to ergosterol

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14
Q

what is nystatin (Mycostatin®) used for

A

candidasis

safe in pregnancy

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15
Q

what is the drug of choice for a systemic infection

A

ampotericin B (Fungizone IV®)

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16
Q

what is the drug of choice for a dermatophytic infection

A

griseofulvin (Grisactin®)

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17
Q

what is the drug of choice for a candidiasis infection

A

nystatin (Mycostatin®)

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18
Q

what is the drug of choice for oral thrush in peds

A

nystatin (Mycostatin®)

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19
Q

malaria

A

infectious disease of circulatory system and liver
goes to bloodstream when bitten
causes RBCs to rupture

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20
Q

symptoms of malaria

A

shivering/chills, fever, sweating, decreased RBCs causing anemia, weakness, jaundice

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21
Q

what are malaria drugs used for

A

prophylaxis, acute attack, to cure by eradicating all parasites

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22
Q

antimalarials

A

protozoacidal, used for prophylaxis and tx of malaria

23
Q

MOA of hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) -antimalarial

A

acts on DNA, inhibits enzyme activity

also treats lupus and RA

24
Q

MOA of mefloquine (Lariam®) -antimalarial

A

acts on erythrocytic stages of plasmodium

25
Q

MOA of chloroquine (Aralen®) -antimalarial

A

breaks down plasmodial membranes and kill organisms

26
Q

anthelmintics

A

elimination of parasitic worms

27
Q

symptoms of having parasitic worms

A

diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, anal itching, abdominal cramps, weight loss

28
Q

MOA of anthelmintics

A

paralytic, used in combo w a laxative

29
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

affects lungs but can also attack brain, spinal cord, kidneys
contracted by contaminated droplets of infected indvl who has sneezed/coughed

30
Q

symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)

A

weight loss, malaise, fever, chills, night sweats, cough, loss of appetite

31
Q

types of diagnosis of TB

A

mantoux (skin) test
blood test
chest x-ray
sputum test

32
Q

virus

A

invades living cell

use host cell DNA to replicate itself

33
Q

HIV

A

RNA virus, retrovirus
reverses normal host cell processes
infects helper T/CD4 and macrophages

34
Q

symptoms/signs of HIV

A

altered mental status, adenolympho pathy, cough, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing, fatigue, fever, cough, HA, numbness, vision changes, weakness, weight loss

35
Q

AIDS diagnosis

A

helper T count < 200

causes presence of opportunistic diseases

36
Q

opportunistic diseases of AIDS

A

herpes, cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, TB

37
Q

treatment of HIV/AIDS

A

some cure in pts w chemotherapy
improve quality of life and immune function
ART

38
Q

what are the 6 types of anti-retroviral agents

A

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
protease inhibitors
fusion inhibitors
entry inhibitors
HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors

39
Q

MOA of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

inhibit reverse transcriptase

40
Q

what do some nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs have in brand name

A

vir

41
Q

MOA of non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

bind to enzyme reverse transcriptase, inhibit protein synthesis

42
Q

what do all non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors have in generic name

A

vir

43
Q

MOA of protease inhibitors

A

inhibit HIV protease

44
Q

MOA of fusion inhibitors

A

prevent completion of HIV fusion sequence

45
Q

what is the only fusion inhibitor

A

enfuvirtide, T-20 (Fuzeon®)

46
Q

MOA of entry inhibitor

A

blocks HIV attachment to host cell

47
Q

what is the only entry inhibitor drug

A

maraviroc (Selzentry®)

48
Q

MOA of HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors

A

blocks enzyme produced by retrovirus

49
Q

what is the only HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor drug

A

raltegravir (Isentress®)

50
Q

viral load and CD4 count

A

viral load- the lower the better

CD4 count- the higher the better

51
Q

MOA of acyclovir (Zovirax®) and valacyclovir (Valtrex®)

A

inhibit herpes replication

52
Q

use and MOA of amantadine (Symmetrel®)

A

influenza A

prevents virus from releasing DNA into host cell

53
Q

uses and MOA of oselamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®)

A

treat influenza B and swine flu

viruses clump together making it unable to invade host cell

Pharmacology Unit 3 (4 decks)

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