Antimycobacterials

Question 1

What is prophylaxis for M. tuberculosis

Answer 1

Isoniazid

Question 2

What is prophylaxis for M. avium-intracellulare

Answer 2

Azithromycin

Question 3

What is treatment for M. tuberculosis

Answer 3

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

“RIPE for treatment of TB”

Question 4

What is treatment for M. avium-intracellulare

Answer 4

Azithromycin, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin

Question 5

What is treatment for M. leprae

Answer 5

Long term treatment with dapsone and rifampin for tuberculoid form
Add clofazimine for lepromatous form

Question 6

What is the mechanism of isoniazid

Answer 6

Decrease synthesis of mycolic acids

Question 7

What are toxicities to isoniazid

Answer 7

Neurotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
(B6 can prevent neurotoxicity)

Question 8

What is the mechanism of rifampin

Answer 8

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 9

What are toxicities to rifampin

Answer 9

Increases P450
Orange body fluids
Minor hepatotoxicity

Question 10

What is the mechanism of ethambutol

Answer 10

Blocks arabinosyltransferase –> decrease carb polymerization

Question 11

What are toxicities to ethambutol

Answer 11

Optic neuropathy

red green color blindness

Question 12

What are toxicities to pyrazinamide

Answer 12

Hyperuricemia

Hepatotoxicity