Antifungals Flashcards
What is the mechanism of amphotericin B
Binds ergosterol
Forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
“amphoTERicin TEARS holes in membranes”
What is amphotericin B used for
Serious systemic mycoses
What are toxicities to amphotericin B
Fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmia, anemia, IV phlebitis
What is the mechanism of nystatin
Binds ergosterol
Forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes
What is nystatin used for
Oral candidiasis (swish and swallow) Diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis
What is the mechanism of the -azoles
Inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
What are the -azoles used for
Less serious systemic mycoses
What are toxicities to the -azoles
Testosterone synthesis inhibition Liver dysfunction (inhibits P450)
What is the mechanism of flucytosine
Metabolized to 5-FU
Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
What is flucytosine used for
Systemic fungal infections
Especially Cryptococcal meningitis
What are toxicities to flucytosine
Bone marrow suppression
What is the mechanism of caspofungin/micafungin
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting B-glucan synthesis
What is caspofungin/micafungin used for
Invasive aspergollosis
Candida
What are toxicities to caspofungin/micafungin
GI upset
Flushing
What is the mechanism of terbafine
Inhibits squalene epoxidase
What is terbafine used for
Dematophytoses
What are toxicities to terbafine
Abnormal LFT
Visual disturbances
What is the mechanism of griseofulvin
Interferes with microtubule function
What is griseofulvin used for
Oral treatment of superficial infections
What are toxicities to griseofulvin
Teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion headaches, increase P450 and warfarin
What is the mechanism of chloroquine
Blocks conversion of heme to hemozoin
Heme is toxic to plasmodia
