Antimicrobials, Parasiticides, Cardiovascular drugs, Kidney drugs

Question 1

What does ‘bacteriocidal’ mean?

Answer 1

Drug which kills bacteria.

Question 2

What does ‘bacteriostatic’ mean?

Answer 2

Drug which stops bacteria from multiplying but doesn’t kill it. Not suitable for animals with impaired immune system.

Question 3

Give an example of a penicillin.

Answer 3

Amoxicillin

Question 4

What spectrum is amoxicillin?

Answer 4

Broad spectrum

Question 5

Is amoxicillin bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 5

Bacteriocidal

Question 6

Give an example of a tetracycline.

Answer 6

Oxytetracycline

Question 7

What spectrum is oxytetracycline?

Answer 7

Broad spectrum

Question 8

Is oxytetracycline bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 8

Bacteriostatic

Question 9

What is an anthelmintic?

Answer 9

Drug effective against worms (nematodes and cestodes)

Question 10

What is a nematode?

Answer 10

Roundworm

Question 11

What is a cestode?

Answer 11

Tapeworm

Question 12

Anthelmintics must be formulated to act where?

Answer 12

The site of the parasite eg. lumen of intestine or worms migratory path.

Question 13

What does Ivermectin do?

Answer 13

Acts by enhancing the actions of certain compounds in the body which inhibit nervous transmission.

Question 14

What species and breed can Ivermectin have an adverse reaction in?

Answer 14

Dog - Collies and collie Xs

Question 15

What is the drug Praziquantels trade name?

Answer 15

Drontal, Droncit, Milbemax

Question 16

What does praziquantel do?

Answer 16

Effective aginst a wide range of tape worms
Increases permeability of cell membrane of the worm resulting in leaking of intracellular calcium and paralysis of the worm

Question 17

What do beta-blocker anti-arrhythmic drugs do?

Answer 17

inhibit stimulation od beta-receptors in the heart thereby reducing arrhythmias eg. Propranolol

Question 18

What does a sympathomimetic do?

Answer 18

Mimick the effects of the myocardial stimulants released in response to stimulation of the sypathetic nervous system. Not used ong term as they become ineffective over time.

Question 19

What is Digoxin?

Answer 19

Similar to sympathomimetics but can be used long term. Small therputic index so must be used with care.

Question 20

What is a vasodilator?

Answer 20

Relaxes smooth muscle of blood vessels and reduces work heart has to do to pump blood round body

Question 21

What is a mixed dilator?

Answer 21

Acts on both veins and arteries. eg Enalapril

Question 22

What is a diuretic?

Answer 22

Increases volume of urine produced an d amount of salt excreted. Treatment of congestive heart failure.

Question 23

Where does a loop diuretic work?

Answer 23

The Loop of Henle

Question 24

How does a loop diuretic work?

Answer 24

Will cause diuresis by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium from the Loop of Henle. Because the sodium is retained in the urine, water is also retained. However, at the DCT potassium is exchanged for sodium so some sodium is absorbed back in to the body while potassium is excreted. Because the osmotic pressure of the urine stays the same, the water stays in the urine and is excreted from the body along with the potassium.
Long term use of loop diruretics can result in hypokalaemia. Drug example is Furosemide.

Question 25

How does a potassium sparing diuretic work?

Answer 25

The diuretic Spironolactone stops aldosterone from working. This means that sodium is not reabsorbed in to the body from the DCT so potassium does not exchange with it. Therefore instead of potassium being excreted, sodium is excreted instead.