Antimicrobials, Parasiticides, Cardiovascular drugs, Kidney drugs Flashcards
What does ‘bacteriocidal’ mean?
Drug which kills bacteria.
What does ‘bacteriostatic’ mean?
Drug which stops bacteria from multiplying but doesn’t kill it. Not suitable for animals with impaired immune system.
Give an example of a penicillin.
Amoxicillin
What spectrum is amoxicillin?
Broad spectrum
Is amoxicillin bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?
Bacteriocidal
Give an example of a tetracycline.
Oxytetracycline
What spectrum is oxytetracycline?
Broad spectrum
Is oxytetracycline bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?
Bacteriostatic
What is an anthelmintic?
Drug effective against worms (nematodes and cestodes)
What is a nematode?
Roundworm
What is a cestode?
Tapeworm
Anthelmintics must be formulated to act where?
The site of the parasite eg. lumen of intestine or worms migratory path.
What does Ivermectin do?
Acts by enhancing the actions of certain compounds in the body which inhibit nervous transmission.
What species and breed can Ivermectin have an adverse reaction in?
Dog - Collies and collie Xs
What is the drug Praziquantels trade name?
Drontal, Droncit, Milbemax
What does praziquantel do?
Effective aginst a wide range of tape worms
Increases permeability of cell membrane of the worm resulting in leaking of intracellular calcium and paralysis of the worm
What do beta-blocker anti-arrhythmic drugs do?
inhibit stimulation od beta-receptors in the heart thereby reducing arrhythmias eg. Propranolol
What does a sympathomimetic do?
Mimick the effects of the myocardial stimulants released in response to stimulation of the sypathetic nervous system. Not used ong term as they become ineffective over time.
What is Digoxin?
Similar to sympathomimetics but can be used long term. Small therputic index so must be used with care.
What is a vasodilator?
Relaxes smooth muscle of blood vessels and reduces work heart has to do to pump blood round body
What is a mixed dilator?
Acts on both veins and arteries. eg Enalapril
What is a diuretic?
Increases volume of urine produced an d amount of salt excreted. Treatment of congestive heart failure.
Where does a loop diuretic work?
The Loop of Henle
How does a loop diuretic work?
Will cause diuresis by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium from the Loop of Henle. Because the sodium is retained in the urine, water is also retained. However, at the DCT potassium is exchanged for sodium so some sodium is absorbed back in to the body while potassium is excreted. Because the osmotic pressure of the urine stays the same, the water stays in the urine and is excreted from the body along with the potassium.
Long term use of loop diruretics can result in hypokalaemia. Drug example is Furosemide.
