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Practice topics Exam 1 > Antimicrobials III - Antiviral and Antifungal Drugs > Flashcards

Antimicrobials III - Antiviral and Antifungal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Key features of a virus -

A

envelope

nucleocapsid

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2
Q

Key features of a virus - envelope

A

includes a lipid bilayer and glycoproteins that protrude from the bilayer like spikes

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3
Q

Key features of a virus - nucleocapsid

A

a protein shell that encapsulates the genetic core
genetic core contains the nucleic acids
core can be viral DNA or RNA

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4
Q

General cycle of viral replication

A

Adsorption
Penetration and Uncoating
Biosynthesis
Maturation and Release

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5
Q

General cycle of viral replication - Adsorption

A

Attachment of virus to host cell - interaction

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6
Q

General cycle of viral replication - Penetration and Uncoating

A

Virus can get taken up by cell
Virus can release genetic content into the cell
Proteins surrounding the cell are broken down/uncoated

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7
Q

General cycle of viral replication - Biosynthesis

A

Virus takes advtg/hijacks the host cell machinery and uses it to replicate viral genetic material and synthesize viral proteins

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8
Q

General cycle of viral replication - maturation and release

A

release of virus causing lysis of the cell

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9
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent

A

Acyclovir

Docosanol (abreva)

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10
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Acyclovir - mechanism

A

disrupt biosynthesis

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11
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Acyclovir administration

A

oral, topical, IV

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12
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Acyclovir adverse effects

A

well tolerated when taken orally

Nausea, diarrhea, HA, MALAISE (11.5%)

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13
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Docosanol mechanism

A

Impairs adhesion step (Adsorption)

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14
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Docosanol Administration

A

tipical

applied within 12 hrs of recurrent herpes outbreak

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15
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Docosanol Adverse effects

A

SKIN IRRITATION (burning and/or stinging) 10%

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16
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - agent

A

Oseltamivir (tamiflu)

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17
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - Oseltamivir (tamiflu) - mechanism

A

inhibits enzyme important for releasing virus and therefore the spread of it as well

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18
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - administratin

A

Oral - osteltamivir
Inhalation - zanamivir
IV - both

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19
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - adverse effects

A

NAUSEA (10%) VOMITING

Concern for whether they are getting enough of the drug

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20
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - agent

A

Amantadine

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21
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - Amantadine - mechanism

A

Block uncoding ste - inhibits replication

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22
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - Amantadine - administration

A

oral

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23
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - Amantadine - adverse effects

A

DIZZINESS and INSOMNIA (10%)

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24
Q

Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - agent

A

Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir (valcyte) !!!
Foscarnet
Cidofovir

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25
Q

Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - MOA

A

block biosynthetic step

26
Q

Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - administration

A

Valganciclovir - Oral

Others = IV

27
Q

Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Adverse effects

A 
Valganciclovir = ANEMIA (1-31%)!!!
Others = anemia (G), renal toxicity (F, C), electrolyte imbalance (F)
28
Q

Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent

A

Palivizuman (synagis)

29
Q

Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent - Palivizuman (synagis) - MOA

A

Ends with mab - monoclonal antibody!

Binds to virus and doesn’t allow it to bind to the cell

30
Q

Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent - Palivizuman (synagis) - administration

A

injection

31
Q

Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent - Palivizuman (synagis) - adverse effects

A

Upper resp tract infection!!!
Otitis media!!!
Fever!!!
Similar to s/s of RSV - not well understood

32
Q

Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - agent

A 
Adefovir dipivoxil
Entecavir
Lamivudine
Telbivudine
Tenofovir *
* classified as NRITS and can be used for HIV
33
Q

Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - MOA

A

Interrupt biosynthesis step

34
Q

Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - administration

A

once daily - oral

35
Q

Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - adverse effects

A

Decrease bone mineral density!!! (22%) risk of fx

nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea

36
Q

Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - agent

A

Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir

37
Q

Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - mechanism

A

interrupt biosynthetic pathway

38
Q

Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - admin

A

oral

39
Q

Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - adverse effect

A

FATIGUE (4-18%)
ha (11-29%)
insomnia

40
Q

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - agent

A

Current = NRTI - both Emtricitabine and Tenatovir

41
Q

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - MOA

A

INhibit HIV reverse transcriptase

42
Q

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - adverse effect KNOW THIS!

A

Arthralgia
Myalgia
Dizziness
Decreased BMD

43
Q

Key structural features of fungi - (3)

A

1 Fungi are eukaryotic - nucleus, linear chrom, contain organelles
2 Cell membrane but unique because of ergosterol
3 Cell wall distinct from bacteria

44
Q

Key pharmacological targets when treating fungal infection

A

1 inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
2 block cell membrane synthesis by disrupting ergosterol synth
3 alter membrane function
4 disrupt cell wall synth

45
Q

Oral treatment of candidiasis - agent

A

Fluconazole

46
Q

Oral treatment of candidiasis - mechanism

A

inhibit synthesis of ergosterol/membrane synthesis

47
Q

Oral treatment of candidiasis - admin

A

oral

48
Q

Oral treatment of candidiasis - adverse effect

A

HA (13%)!

NAUSEA (7%)

49
Q

Topical tx of candidiasis - agent

A

Miconazole

Nystatin

50
Q

Topical tx of candidiasis - MOA

A 
Mico = Inhibit synthesis of ergosterol/mem synth
Nystatin = bind to ergosterol and disrupt mem func and integrity
51
Q

Topical tx of candidiasis - admin

A

ointment, spray, cream, powder

52
Q

Topical tx of candidiasis - adverse effects

A

SKIN IRRITATION

BURNING

53
Q

Topical tx of tinea infections - agent

A

Terbinafine

54
Q

Topical tx of tinea infections - MOA

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis/membrane synth

55
Q

Topical tx of tinea infections - admin

A

topical cream

56
Q

Topical tx of tinea infections - adverse effect

A

SKIN IRRITATION (1%)
BURNING (0.8%)
Irritation is low though so better compliance

57
Q

Oral tx of onychomycosis - agent

A

Terbinafine

Itraconazole

58
Q

Oral tx of onychomycosis - MOA

A

inhibit components of ergosterol synthesis (T early, I later in pathway)

59
Q

Oral tx of onychomycosis - admin

A

oral

60
Q

Oral tx of onychomycosis - adverse - Terbinafine

A 
KNOW THESE
GI - pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, loss of taste
CNS - HA
Resp - nasopharyngitis 
SPANS ACROSS DIFF SYSTEMS
61
Q

Oral tx of onychomycosis - adverse - Itraconazole

A 
KNOW THESE
GI - nausea, vomit, diarrhea
CV - edema, HyperTN
CNS - HA
SPANS ACROSS DIFF SYSTEMS

Practice topics Exam 1 (15 decks)

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