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Practice topics Exam 1 > Antimicrobials III - Antiviral and Antifungal Drugs > Flashcards

Antimicrobials III - Antiviral and Antifungal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Key features of a virus -

A

envelope

nucleocapsid

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2
Q

Key features of a virus - envelope

A

includes a lipid bilayer and glycoproteins that protrude from the bilayer like spikes

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3
Q

Key features of a virus - nucleocapsid

A

a protein shell that encapsulates the genetic core
genetic core contains the nucleic acids
core can be viral DNA or RNA

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4
Q

General cycle of viral replication

A

Adsorption
Penetration and Uncoating
Biosynthesis
Maturation and Release

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5
Q

General cycle of viral replication - Adsorption

A

Attachment of virus to host cell - interaction

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6
Q

General cycle of viral replication - Penetration and Uncoating

A

Virus can get taken up by cell
Virus can release genetic content into the cell
Proteins surrounding the cell are broken down/uncoated

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7
Q

General cycle of viral replication - Biosynthesis

A

Virus takes advtg/hijacks the host cell machinery and uses it to replicate viral genetic material and synthesize viral proteins

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8
Q

General cycle of viral replication - maturation and release

A

release of virus causing lysis of the cell

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9
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent

A

Acyclovir

Docosanol (abreva)

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10
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Acyclovir - mechanism

A

disrupt biosynthesis

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11
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Acyclovir administration

A

oral, topical, IV

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12
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Acyclovir adverse effects

A

well tolerated when taken orally

Nausea, diarrhea, HA, MALAISE (11.5%)

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13
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Docosanol mechanism

A

Impairs adhesion step (Adsorption)

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14
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Docosanol Administration

A

tipical

applied within 12 hrs of recurrent herpes outbreak

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15
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus - agent Docosanol Adverse effects

A

SKIN IRRITATION (burning and/or stinging) 10%

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16
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - agent

A

Oseltamivir (tamiflu)

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17
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - Oseltamivir (tamiflu) - mechanism

A

inhibits enzyme important for releasing virus and therefore the spread of it as well

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18
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - administratin

A

Oral - osteltamivir
Inhalation - zanamivir
IV - both

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19
Q

Treatment for influenza virus (A and B) - adverse effects

A

NAUSEA (10%) VOMITING

Concern for whether they are getting enough of the drug

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20
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - agent

A

Amantadine

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21
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - Amantadine - mechanism

A

Block uncoding ste - inhibits replication

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22
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - Amantadine - administration

A

oral

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23
Q

Treatment for influenza virus A - Amantadine - adverse effects

A

DIZZINESS and INSOMNIA (10%)

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24
Q

Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - agent

A

Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir (valcyte) !!!
Foscarnet
Cidofovir

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25
Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - MOA
block biosynthetic step
26
Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - administration
Valganciclovir - Oral | Others = IV
27
Treatment of herpes cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Adverse effects
``` Valganciclovir = ANEMIA (1-31%)!!! Others = anemia (G), renal toxicity (F, C), electrolyte imbalance (F) ```
28
Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent
Palivizuman (synagis)
29
Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent - Palivizuman (synagis) - MOA
Ends with mab - monoclonal antibody! | Binds to virus and doesn't allow it to bind to the cell
30
Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent - Palivizuman (synagis) - administration
injection
31
Treatment of respiraoty syncytial virus (RSV) agent - Palivizuman (synagis) - adverse effects
Upper resp tract infection!!! Otitis media!!! Fever!!! Similar to s/s of RSV - not well understood
32
Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - agent
``` Adefovir dipivoxil Entecavir Lamivudine Telbivudine Tenofovir * * classified as NRITS and can be used for HIV ```
33
Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - MOA
Interrupt biosynthesis step
34
Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - administration
once daily - oral
35
Treatment of hep B virus (HBV) - adverse effects
Decrease bone mineral density!!! (22%) risk of fx | nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea
36
Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - agent
Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir
37
Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - mechanism
interrupt biosynthetic pathway
38
Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - admin
oral
39
Treatment of hep C virus (HCV) - adverse effect
FATIGUE (4-18%) ha (11-29%) insomnia
40
Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - agent
Current = NRTI - both Emtricitabine and Tenatovir
41
Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - MOA
INhibit HIV reverse transcriptase
42
Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - adverse effect KNOW THIS!
Arthralgia Myalgia Dizziness Decreased BMD
43
Key structural features of fungi - (3)
1 Fungi are eukaryotic - nucleus, linear chrom, contain organelles 2 Cell membrane but unique because of ergosterol 3 Cell wall distinct from bacteria
44
Key pharmacological targets when treating fungal infection
1 inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis 2 block cell membrane synthesis by disrupting ergosterol synth 3 alter membrane function 4 disrupt cell wall synth
45
Oral treatment of candidiasis - agent
Fluconazole
46
Oral treatment of candidiasis - mechanism
inhibit synthesis of ergosterol/membrane synthesis
47
Oral treatment of candidiasis - admin
oral
48
Oral treatment of candidiasis - adverse effect
HA (13%)! | NAUSEA (7%)
49
Topical tx of candidiasis - agent
Miconazole | Nystatin
50
Topical tx of candidiasis - MOA
``` Mico = Inhibit synthesis of ergosterol/mem synth Nystatin = bind to ergosterol and disrupt mem func and integrity ```
51
Topical tx of candidiasis - admin
ointment, spray, cream, powder
52
Topical tx of candidiasis - adverse effects
SKIN IRRITATION | BURNING
53
Topical tx of tinea infections - agent
Terbinafine
54
Topical tx of tinea infections - MOA
inhibit ergosterol synthesis/membrane synth
55
Topical tx of tinea infections - admin
topical cream
56
Topical tx of tinea infections - adverse effect
SKIN IRRITATION (1%) BURNING (0.8%) Irritation is low though so better compliance
57
Oral tx of onychomycosis - agent
Terbinafine | Itraconazole
58
Oral tx of onychomycosis - MOA
inhibit components of ergosterol synthesis (T early, I later in pathway)
59
Oral tx of onychomycosis - admin
oral
60
Oral tx of onychomycosis - adverse - Terbinafine
``` KNOW THESE GI - pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, loss of taste CNS - HA Resp - nasopharyngitis SPANS ACROSS DIFF SYSTEMS ```
61
Oral tx of onychomycosis - adverse - Itraconazole
``` KNOW THESE GI - nausea, vomit, diarrhea CV - edema, HyperTN CNS - HA SPANS ACROSS DIFF SYSTEMS ```

Practice topics Exam 1 (15 decks)

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