Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Practice topics Exam 1 > Antimicrobials I and II - Antibacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Antimicrobials I and II - Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of bacteria of pharmacological interest - cell wall

A

all bacteria have a cell wall that consists of peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure of bacteria of pharmacological interest - peptidoglycan

A

a macromolecule composed of peptides and sugars that provide a rigid support structure that is found only in bacteria
Thick = gram pos
Thin = gram neg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structure of bacteria of pharmacological interest - Lipopolysaccharide

A

makes up the outer membrane structures of gram neg bacteria cell wall and consists of phospholipid and polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of bacteria of pharmacological interest - cytoplasmic membrane

A

similar in structure to the eukaryotic cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structure of bacteria of pharmacological interest - cytoplasm

A

contains the ribosome, nutrients, metabolites, plasmids, nucleoid DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Size of bacteria

A

Bacteria are small

0.2-5 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Shape of bacteria - cocci

A

round
diplo = pair
strepto = chain
staphylo = grape like cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shape of bacteria - bacilli

A

rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Shape of bacteria - spirochetes

A

spiral shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Shape of bacteria - pleomorphic

A

many shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nomenclature

A

Named by staining and shape (gram positive cocci)

Named by genus and species (escherichia coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathogenicity

A

when bacteria have neg impact or harmful effect on human health they are said to be pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacteria have harmful effects because they

A

compete with the host for nutrients
can stimulate an immune response ultimately causing tissue destruction
release toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - chemotherapy =

A

treatment of a disease with the use of chemicals to kill or impair the growth of microorganisms or cancerous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - antibmicrobial chemotherapy

A

grounded in principles of germ theory disease

agents aimed at eradicating microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - antibmicrobial chemotherapy - graph

A

as you increase antimicrobial agent/therapy, there is a decrease in the organism burden because you are killing stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - selective toxicity

A

aimed at killing or impairing growth of the specific target organism without harming the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - Drug targets

A

aim to achieve selective toxicity by using drugs targeted to structures unique to the microorganism (like cell wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - Drug targets - common strategies for killing or inhibiting microorganism growth will be to target

A

folate synthesis needed to make DNA
disrupting mRNA synthesis
blocking protein synthesis
disrupting cell wall or membrane synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - Bactericidal

A

agent that will kill the bacteria

once the organism is exposed to the drug, it is no longer viable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - bacteriostatic

A

an agent that will inhibit growth of the bacteria but will not kill the bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - narrow spectrum

A

a drug that has an effect on one type or species of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - If a particular pathogen is known to be the causative agent for a given disease/infection, using ____ is a logical choice

A

narrow spectrum antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - broad spectrum

A

a drug that has an effect on a wide variety of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - If the causative agent is not known, an approach may be to treat with ___

A

broad spectrum antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - prophylactic therapy

A

treatment in the absence of infection in order to prevent disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - pre emptive therapy

A

treatment of high risk patients that have become infected but are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - empirical therapy

A

treatment of a symptomatic pt without further testing or confirmation of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - definitive therapy

A

tx once the pathogenic organism has been identified and appropriate drug identified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - suppressive therapy

A

generally a low dose therapy used as a secondary prophylaxis

problem that caused initial infection is likely to still be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - resistance

A

an organism is said to develop resistance to a chemotherapeutic agent when the agent is no longer or less effective toward an organism
Resistance develops as a result of organismal changes and/or clinical practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - resistance develops due to

A

1 - reduced drug entry into organism
2 - inc drug export from organism
3 - expression of enzymes by organism that destroy the drug
4 - change in expression enzymes that activate the drug
5 - impaired drug binding to original target
6 - development of new or diff pathway that are not inhibited by drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Principles of chemotherapy - Bacteria will develop resistance through the

A

acquisition of new genetic material or a mutation in the existing genome that is selected under clinical/antibiotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

General tx strategies

A

target cell wall and membrane
target protein synthesis
target DNA/RNA synthesis and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - how

A

1 disrupt cell wall structure and rigidity which alters function of wall, homeostasis, and induces autolysis
2 punches holes in membrane with detergents that alter permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

General tx strategies - target protein synthesis - how

A

drugs that bind bacterial specific ribosome and inhibit protein synthesis or cause misreading during translation
result is change in bacterial metabolic function, impaired growth, and cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

General tx strategies - target DNA/RNA synthesis and function - how

A

disrupt the structure, synthesis or function of DNA or RNA leading to impaired growth and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Cell wall synthesis inhibitors are (1) _____ which includes what

A

Beta lactam compounds!

Includes penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - penicillins

A

Natural - penicillin G and V
Synthetic - Amoxicillin! and methicillin
Natural agents have limited spectrum while synthetic have broader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - penicillins - MOA

A

Bind to and inhibit group of enzymes called penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
The PBPs play a role in cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - penicillins - key adverse effects

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY! (5%) rash, hives, itching, resp diff, anaphylaxis
CNS - confusion, hallucination
Blood - anemia, thrmbocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - cephalosporins

A

Used frequently if penicillin not tolerated (mild rx to pen)
In general, these are more resistant to B lactamase so they are not as susceptible to degredation
They are organized into four groups/generations based on their spectrum of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - cephalosporins - generation

A 
increase spectrum as you move 1-4
1 - Cephalexin (+)
2 - Cefoxitin (+ and -) 
3 - Ceftriaxone (broad -, limited + use) 
4 - Cefepime (broad + and broad -)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - cephalosporins - MOA

A

bind to and inhibit PBPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - cephalosporins - Key adverse effects

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY - rash, hives, itching, resp diff, anaphylaxis
Metabolism - need to avoid alcohol
Blood - bleeding disorder (2-6%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Monobactams

A

Only one agent - Aztreonam
Spectrum of activity is limited to gram - rods
Important feature includes penetration of CSF
Tx serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Monobactams - MOA

A

bind and inhibit PBPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Monobactams - Key adverse effects

A

Hypersensitivity - decreased severity though!

Skin rashes, itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Carbapenems

A

Imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem
Spectrum of activity includes btoh gram + and -
Resistant to B lactamase but susceptible to similar enzyme (carbamenemase)
Imipenem is inactived in kidney so is administered with cilastatin to prevent inactivation

50
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Carbapenems - key pharmacological effect

A

related to ability of these agents to penetrate tissue and fluids very well
access to a lot of compartments in the body

51
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Carbapenems - MOA

A

bind to and inhibit PBPs

52
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Carbapenems - Adverse effects

A

Hypersensitivity - less severe! (less than 1%) - skin rash, itching
CV - hypotension
CNS - confusion, tremor, seizures

53
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Glycopeptide antibiotics

A

Vancomycin! produced by two specific bacteria
commonly use in tx of bloodstream infections, endocarditis, and meningits
Resistance is developing

54
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Glycopeptide antibiotics - MOA

A

Prevents elongation of the peptidoglycan cell wall structure

55
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Glycopeptide antibiotics - adverse effects

A

Skin irritation at injection site

FLUSHING (red neck syndrome)

56
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Polypeptides and detergents

A

Bacitracin (polypeptide) and polymyxin B (detergent)

often used together topically for skin infections

57
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Polypeptides and detergents - Bacitracin

A

Polypeptide - spectrum of activity is broad and includes gram + and - bacteria

58
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Polypeptides and detergents - polymyxin B -

A

detergent

spectrum of activity is primarily gram -

59
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Polypeptides and detergents - MOA

A

Bacitracin - inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking incorporation of amino acids and nucleic acids into cell wall
Polymyxin B - punches hole in membrane by binding to phospholipids in cell membrane

60
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Others - Polypeptides and detergents - key adverse effects

A

Bacitracin - hypersentivity - skin rash, itching, (rare)

Polymyxin B - rare adverse effects when administered topically

61
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - Beta lactamase inhibitors are what

A

Clavulanic acid used in combination with amoxicillin (augmentin) for example

62
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - beta lactamase inhibitors MOA

A

inhibit beta lactamase

63
Q

General tx strategies - target cell wall and membrane synthesis - beta lactamase inhibitors key adverse effects

A

similar to the penicillin agent used in combination

so hypersensitivty

64
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors include what

A

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracycline
Few other specific compounds

65
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - in general, their MOA is what

A

disrupt process of translation by targeting molecular machinery (50S and 30S) that is needed to translate mRNA to protein
disrupts the ribosome subunits

66
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Aminoglycoside ex

A

Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
BROAD SPECTRUM

67
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Aminoglycoside - unique features

A

Used in combination with beta lactam antibiotic to treat serious gram neg infection
OFTEN used in combination and not alone

68
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Aminoglycoside - MOA

A

Binds 30S disrupts initiation of peptide formation

69
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Aminoglycoside - Key adverse effects

A

kidney - renal tubular necrosis
EAR - OTOTOXICITY - dizzy, ringing, fullness
Skin - hypersensitivity

70
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Macrolides ex

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Spectrum - mostly gram pos, some neg

71
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Macrolides - MOA

A

Binds to 50S and prevents elongation of peptide

72
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Macrolides - Key adverse effects

A

GI (2-18%) Change of GI upset is high on z pack!

skin - hypersensitivity

73
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Tetracyclines ex

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

74
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - tetracycline MOA

75
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - tetracycline key adverse effects

A

GI
SKIN - PHOTOSENS, hypersens
NUTRITION INTERACTION - binds Ca which impairs growth of calcified tissue esp. during growth (bone, teeth) - need to be careful with pregnant pt or child

76
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Others - name and MOA

A

Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin

Both bind to 50S

77
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Others - Chloramphenicol - when used

A

Rare, except for serious infections like typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever
can also be used for eye infections

78
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Others - Chloramphenicol - Adverse effects

A

GI

SUPERINFECTION - oral and vaginal candidiasis (suppresses normal biota and inc risk of yeast infection)

79
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Others - Clindamycin - when used

A

2nd line agent as alternative to penicillin and erythromycin for tx of local and systemic infection

80
Q

General tx strategies - protein synthesis inhibitors - Others - Clindamycin - key adverse effects

A

GI

skin - hypersentivity, shock

81
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - what are 4 ways

A

Antifolate drugs - inhibit synthesis of DNA
Gyrase and Topoisomerase inhibitors - inhibit winding and unwinding
DNA damage - damage integrity of DNA
Replication inhibitors

82
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - what are they

A 
Rifamycins
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim 
TMP-SMX
Fluroquinolones 
Metronidazole
83
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Rifamycins are what

A

Rifamin

Used in tx of disease caused by mycobacterium like TB and leprosy

84
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Rifamycins MOA

A

Replication inhibitor by inhibiting conversion of DNA to RNA and inhibiting RNA synthesis

85
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Rifamycins key adverse effects

A

GI
Hypersens (6%) - mild, rash/fever
Liver - changes in function

86
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Rifamycins - common use

A

infection of prosthetic devices

87
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - do what and what are ex

A

inhibit DNA synthesis
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TPM-SMX)

88
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Sulfonamides - ex

A

Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethizole

89
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Sulfonamides - MOA

A

Substitutes for precursor and then you get competitive inhibition

90
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Sulfonamides - key adverse effects

A

GI
Skin - hypersens, PHOTO!
Urinary - causes cystalluria, hematuria, obstruction

91
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim - ex

A

Trimethoprim!

Pyrimethamine

92
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim - commonly used to tx what

93
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim - MOA

A

inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase - leads to impaired DNA synthesis

94
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim - Key adverse effects

A

GI is the most common!
Blood - hyperkalemia (geriatrics), anemia!!!
skin - hypersens, itching
CNS - HA, dec appetite

95
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TPM-SMX) is used for what

A

UTI and prostatitis
Also, low dose can be used to treat recurrent UTI
Combo can also tx pneumonia and salmonella

96
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TPM-SMX) - MOA

A

Synergistic combination!!! Target diff enzymes in same pathway so work synergistically to get a greater effect

97
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Antifolate drugs - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TPM-SMX) - key adverse effects

A

Individual side effects
Sulf - GI, skin (photo), UT
Trim - GI, Blood (hyperK and anemia), skin, CNS

98
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Fluoroquinolones - ex

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

99
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Fluoroquinolones - used in tx of

A

urinary, GI, and resp infections as well as some STDs like gonorrhea

100
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Fluoroquinolones - MOA

A

Inhibits the winding and unwinding needed for replication

101
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Fluoroquinolones - key adverse effects

A 
A LOT
GI - 15% - n/v, diarrhea!
Skin - rash, itch, PHOTO
Kidney - toxicity
Bone/Joints - tendinopathy!
102
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Metronidazole used why

A

in treatment of abdominal infections, vaginitis, clostridium difficile colitis, brain abscess

103
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Metronidazole - MOA

A

Prodrug - inactive until taken up by organism - binds to DNA and disrupts function and causes damage

104
Q

General tx strategies - DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors - Metronidazole - key adverse effects

A

GI HIGH! (10-12%)
PNS - neuropathy!!!
Metabolism - need to avoid alcohol

105
Q

Considerations for PT - Skin and soft tissue - Uncomplicated infections often caused by ____, Tx _____

A

Often caused by staph aureus and Strep pyogens (gram pos)

Tx = penicillins, 1st gen cephalosporins

106
Q

Considerations for PT - Skin and soft tissue - Complicated infections often caused by ____, Tx _____

A

often caused by E coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa (include burns, DM, pressure ulcer, surgical infection)
Can also include MRSA
Tx = penicillin plus lactamase inhibitor, carbapenem
Tx if severe = debridement, add vancomycin
MRSA = vancomycin

107
Q

Considerations for PT - Skin and soft tissue - Key issues for PT

A

Precaution with MRSA - glove and handwash!
Adverse effects - hypersensitivity, penecillins can cause anaphylaxis, also might see some CNS effects like confusion, hallucinations

108
Q

Considerations for PT - Bone and joint - most common causative organism of acute osteomyelitis and tx

A

S aureus and staphylococci

tx - vancomycin, cephalosporins

109
Q

Considerations for PT - Bone and joint - Infectiosn following ortho surgery or vertebral infections are often caused by and tx

A

E coli and P aeruginosa

Tx = debridement, penicillin, lactamase inhibitor, carbapenem, vancomycin

110
Q

Considerations for PT - Bone and joint - septic arthritis can be caused by what? Tx?

A

S aureus, S pyogens, strep pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae
Tx = ceftriaxone, vancomycin

111
Q

Considerations for PT - Bone and joint - prosthetic joint infection are commonly caused by what and what is tx

A

S aureus and staphylococci

tx = rifampin

112
Q

Considerations for PT - Bone and joint - key issues for PT

A

Adverse effects - hypersensitivity

Penicillin can cause anaphylaxis

113
Q

Considerations for PT - Hospital acquired/healthcare associated pneumonia - caused by what? what is tx?

A

Gram neg bacilli (E coli, MRSA)
Multi drug resistance can be common!
Tx = cephalospoing, fluoroquinolone, penicillins, vancomycin for MRSA

114
Q

Considerations for PT - Hospital acquired/healthcare associated pneumonia - Key issues for the therapist

A

Precaution with MRSA - gloves and handwashing
Cephalosporins, penicillins, and vanc - hypersens
Pen - anaphylaxis
Fluoro - photosensitivity and tendinopathy

115
Q

Considerations for PT - UTI - uncomplicated - cause and tx

A

cause = e coli
tx - bladder, lower UTI = TMP-SMX
tx - kidney = TMP-SMX, fluoroquinolone

116
Q

Considerations for PT - UTI - complicated - cause and tx

A

S aureus or enterococci

tx - TMP-SMX, fluoroquinolone

117
Q

Considerations for PT - UTI - Key issue for therapist

A

TMP-SMX causes GI issues, hypersens, photosens!
Sulfa drugs can cause obstruction and/or hematuria
Elderly may have hyperkalemia
Fluroro - photosens and tendinopathy

118
Q

Considerations for PT - Antibiotic associated diarrhea - cause

A

clostrdium difficile

119
Q

Considerations for PT - Antibiotic associated diarrhea - which antibiotics are associated with causing it

A

fluroro, clindamycin, broad spectru penicillins, broad spectrum cephalosporins

120
Q

Considerations for PT - Antibiotic associated diarrhea - tx

A

metronidazole

vancomycin if severe

121
Q

Considerations for PT - Antibiotic associated diarrhea key issues for the therapist

A

diligence in preventing C diff - hand wash
Precautions - glove and gown
Vanco - can cause irritation to skin and flushing
Metronidazole can cause peripheral neuropathy, GI, and interacts with alcohol

Practice topics Exam 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions