Antimicrobials II Flashcards
1
Q
Isoniazid: MOA, resistance
A
- Inhibits InhA in mycolic acid biosynthesis
- Prodrug- mutations in several genes bactercidal
2
Q
Rifampin: MOA, resistance
A
- Inhibits transcription by binding to the RNA polymerase
- Mutations in RNAP bactercidal
3
Q
Ethambutol: MOA, resistance
A
- Inhibits arabinosyl transferases in cell wall biosynthesis
- Mutations in EMB genes Static (cidal in MAC?)
4
Q
Pyrazinamide: MOA, resistance
A
- Depletes energy reserves of cell-membrane effects
- Prodrug- PCNA gene Better in acidic env. bactercidal
5
Q
Streptomycin: MOA, resistance
A
- Protein synthesis inhibition 30S ribosomal subunit bactericidal
6
Q
Isoniazid: pharmacokinetics
A
- Orally available Well distributed Metabolized- I in CRIMES
- Acetylation rates differ
7
Q
Rifampin: pharm
A
- Orally available Well distributed – colors fluids orange Metabolized- R in CRIMES
- Potent inducer of CYP450s
8
Q
Ethambutol: pharm
A
- Orally available Well distributed; lungs CSF
- Renal excretion
9
Q
Pyrazinamide: pharm
A
- Orally available Well distributed; lungs CSF
- Renal excretion
10
Q
Streptomycin: pharm
A
- Poor oral abs.(IV/IM)
- distr. to TBW accum. in kidney, ear
- Renal excretion
11
Q
Isoniazid: adverse rxns
A
- Low/Medium
- Vit B6 deficiency-neuritis
- Hepatic damage (acetylator status important)
- EtOH
12
Q
Rifampin:adverse rxns
A
- Low/Medium
- Hepatic damage
- Drug interactions; HIV, steroids, etc….
13
Q
Ethambutol: adverse rxn
A
- Low/Medium
- Optic neuritis
- not for children (< 6) or in pregnancy
- Gout
14
Q
Pyrazinamide: adverse rxns
A
- Medium/high
- Hepatic damage – monitor SGOT levels
- Gout
- Not in pregnancy (US)
15
Q
Streptomycin: adverse rxns
A
- High toxicity
- Vestibular and auditory toxicity
- nephrotoxicity
