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I&I > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Antibacterial soap that target cell wall

A

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of beta lactams

A

Bind to penicillin binding protein that forms cross links holding the cell wall together, preventing cell wall synthesis.

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3
Q

Glycopeptides mechanism

A

Bind to end of cell wall polypeptide chain preventing penicillin binding protein from adding cross links

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4
Q

Examples of antimicrobials that interfere with protein synthesis

A

Amino glycosides
Tetracycline
Macrolides

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5
Q

Example of antimicrobials that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

A

Quinolones

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6
Q

3 mechanisms of drug resistance

A

Drug inactivating enzyme
Altered target
Altered uptake

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7
Q

Give examples of beta lactams

A

Penicillin
amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

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8
Q

Describe coamoxiclav and tazocin

A

Beta lactams + beta lactams even inhibitors

Strep/staph/anaerobes/gram negs

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9
Q

Give 4antibacterials with anaerobes activity

A

Coamoxiclav
Tazocin
Carbapenem e.g. Meropenem
Metronidazole

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10
Q

What is used for meningitis

A

Centriaxone, cephalosporin
Gram neg activity
Good activity in CSF crosses blood brain barrier

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11
Q

What beta lactams used in penicillin allergy

A

Meropenem
Broadest spectrum
Carbapenem

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12
Q

Activity of glycopeprides

A

Only Gram positive

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13
Q

Example of glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

Treatment of C. difficile

A

Metronidazole in mild mod
Vancomycin in severe
Not absorbed orally

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15
Q

Treatment of UTI

A

Tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Trimethoprim (folic acid inhibition)

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16
Q

Treatment of legionella

A

Tetracycline

17
Q

Example of amino glycoside

A

Gentamicin

18
Q

Macrolide example

A

Erythromycin

19
Q

Treatment of H pylori

A 
Triple therapy
Azithromycin
Cephalosporins 
Omeprazole
Ranitidine
20
Q

Action of quinolone mechanism

A

Inhibit DNA topiosomerase and DNA gyrate to prevent supercooling of DNA so there is reduced space for further DNA production

21
Q

Quinolones action

A

Gram negative

22
Q

Example quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

23
Q

Treatment of influenza

A

Oseltamivir

24
Q

Treatment of varicella zoster

A

Aciclovir

25
Q

Treatment of candida

A

Fluconazole

26
Q

Treatment of malaria

A 
Plasmodium falciparum 
Quinine artemisinin
Vivax, ovale, malariae
Chloroquine
Primaquine (ROS g6pdd screen)
27
Q

Targets for antimicrobial action

A

Cell wall synthesis
Protein synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis
Membrane function

28
Q

Treatment of Atypical Pneumonia

A

Don’t have cell wall so beta lactams don’t work
Macrolides - Clarythromycin
Tetracyclines - doxycycline

29
Q

Treatment of community acquired pneumonia

A

Moderate - co-amoxiclav or erythromycin (macrolide)

Severe - Both

30
Q

Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia

A

More likely to be gram negative

Co-amoxiclav

31
Q

Treatment of pnemonia

A 
Oral/IV fluid
Antipyretic
Analgesic
Antibiotic
Oxygen
32
Q

Treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Cotrimoxazole

33
Q

How do surface infection microorganisms evade antibiotics?

A

Formation of biofilm through quorum sensing.
Secrete slime layer in which substances can diffuse and protects the bacteria colony.
Dense extracellular matrix and outer layer of cells protect the interior community.
Allows for spread of antibiotic resistance through quorum sensing.
Lateral gene transfer is greatly increased.

34
Q

Describe biofilm formation.

A

Adhesion using pili and fimbriae.
Growth and colonisation.
Quorum sensing to secrete extracellular matrix slime.
Nutrients diffuse into matrix.
Dispersion - biofilm is established and spread occurs.

35
Q

What is quorum sensing?

A 
Coordination of bacteria in colony based on population density through a series of stimuli and responses.
Used to coordinate
Biofilm formation
Spore formation
Resistance
Increased virulence
36
Q

Anaerobic activity

A

Metronidazole, co-amoxiclav, meropenem, tazocin

I&I (7 decks)

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