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Antimicrobials Flashcards

0
Q

Indications for amoxicillin

A

Broad spec indicated for all systems (including endocarditis prophylaxis and Lyme disease). Not for use in shigellosis or mycoplasma infections. Contraindicated in active glandular fever and lymphoma

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1
Q

Standard dose of amoxicillin

A

PO 500mg TDS

IV Start with 1g (can be upto 6hrly) and then work down to 500mg 8hrly

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2
Q

Standard dose of co-amoxiclav (augmentin)

A

500mg/125mg TDS

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3
Q

Indications for co-amoxiclav

A

Bacterial sinusitis, otitis media, exacerbation of bronchitis, CAP, cystitis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis/abscess/animal bites, osteomyelitis

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4
Q

Standard dose of cefradine

A

250-500mg/6h
OR
0.5-1g/12h
Max: 1g/6h

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5
Q

Standard dose cefalexin

A

250mg/6h or 500mg/8-12h
Max 1.5g/6h
Prophylaxis 125mg OD

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6
Q

Standard dose of Cefuroxime

A

PO 250-500mg BD
IM/IV 750-1500mg/6-8h
Surgical prophylaxis 1.5g IV

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7
Q

Standard dose of imipenem

A

IV 500mg/6h or 1g/8h

If life threatening 1g/6h

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8
Q

Standard dose of erythromycin

A

PO 250-500mg/6h
Max 4g/day
IV 12.5mg/kg/6h

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9
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin, clarithromycin

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10
Q

Standard dose of clarithromycin

A

PO/IV 250-500mg/12h 7-14 days

Lyme disease for 14-21 days

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11
Q

Indications for clarithromycin

A

RTIs, mild/moderate skin/soft tissue infections, otitis media, Lyme disease, pertussis prevention, Helicobacter pylori

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12
Q

Indications for flucloxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant staphylocci
Otitis externa, pneumonia, impetigo, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis
Surgical prophylaxis

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13
Q

Flucloxacillin and hepatic disorders

A

Rarely causes cholestatic jaundice up to 2 months after cessation.
Use with caution in hepatic impairment patients

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14
Q

Standard dose of flucloxacillin

A

PO 250-500mg/6h 30 mins before food
IM 250-500mg/6h
Slow IV 0.25-2g/6h

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15
Q

Indications for metronidazole

A

Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.

Used in surgical and gynaecological sepsis

16
Q

Standard dose of metronidazole

A

Anaerobic: PO 400-500mg/8h 7-14d, PR 1g/8h for 3d then 1g/12h, IV 500mg/8h
Leg ulcers/pressure sores: PO 400mg/8h for 7d
Vaginosis: PO as above or 2g single dose
PID: 400mg BD 14d
Gingivitis/ulcers: PO 200-250mg/8h 3d

17
Q

Indications for benzypenicillin

A

Throat infections, otitis media, endocarditis, meningococcal, pneumonia, cellulitis, anthrax, GBS prophylaxis

18
Q

Dose of benzylpenicillin

A

IV/IM: 0.6-1.2g/6h
Anthrax: 2.4g/4h
Prophylaxis: 3g loading then 1.5g/4h until delivery
Meningitis: 2.4g/4h

19
Q

Indications for trimethoprim

A

UTI, bronchitis, pneumocystis pneumonia

20
Q

Dose of trimethoprim

A

Acute: 200mg/12h
Prophylaxis: 100mg nocte

21
Q

Dose of clotrimazole

A

Topical clotrimazole 1% 2-3/day

22
Q

Indications for ciprofloxacin

A

RTIs, UTIs, prostatitis, gonorrhoea, anthrax, prophylaxis of meningococcal

23
Q

Dose of ciprofloxacin

A

PO 250-750mg BD

Essential Drugs (9 decks)

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