Antimicrobials

Question 0

Indications for amoxicillin

Answer 0

Broad spec indicated for all systems (including endocarditis prophylaxis and Lyme disease). Not for use in shigellosis or mycoplasma infections. Contraindicated in active glandular fever and lymphoma

Question 1

Standard dose of amoxicillin

Answer 1

PO 500mg TDS

IV Start with 1g (can be upto 6hrly) and then work down to 500mg 8hrly

Question 2

Standard dose of co-amoxiclav (augmentin)

Answer 2

500mg/125mg TDS

Question 3

Indications for co-amoxiclav

Answer 3

Bacterial sinusitis, otitis media, exacerbation of bronchitis, CAP, cystitis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis/abscess/animal bites, osteomyelitis

Question 4

Standard dose of cefradine

Answer 4

250-500mg/6h
OR
0.5-1g/12h
Max: 1g/6h

Question 5

Standard dose cefalexin

Answer 5

250mg/6h or 500mg/8-12h
Max 1.5g/6h
Prophylaxis 125mg OD

Question 6

Standard dose of Cefuroxime

Answer 6

PO 250-500mg BD
IM/IV 750-1500mg/6-8h
Surgical prophylaxis 1.5g IV

Question 7

Standard dose of imipenem

Answer 7

IV 500mg/6h or 1g/8h

If life threatening 1g/6h

Question 8

Standard dose of erythromycin

Answer 8

PO 250-500mg/6h
Max 4g/day
IV 12.5mg/kg/6h

Question 9

Macrolides

Answer 9

Erythromycin, clarithromycin

Question 10

Standard dose of clarithromycin

Answer 10

PO/IV 250-500mg/12h 7-14 days

Lyme disease for 14-21 days

Question 11

Indications for clarithromycin

Answer 11

RTIs, mild/moderate skin/soft tissue infections, otitis media, Lyme disease, pertussis prevention, Helicobacter pylori

Question 12

Indications for flucloxacillin

Answer 12

Penicillinase-resistant staphylocci
Otitis externa, pneumonia, impetigo, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis
Surgical prophylaxis

Question 13

Flucloxacillin and hepatic disorders

Answer 13

Rarely causes cholestatic jaundice up to 2 months after cessation.
Use with caution in hepatic impairment patients

Question 14

Standard dose of flucloxacillin

Answer 14

PO 250-500mg/6h 30 mins before food
IM 250-500mg/6h
Slow IV 0.25-2g/6h

Question 15

Indications for metronidazole

Answer 15

Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.

Used in surgical and gynaecological sepsis

Question 16

Standard dose of metronidazole

Answer 16

Anaerobic: PO 400-500mg/8h 7-14d, PR 1g/8h for 3d then 1g/12h, IV 500mg/8h
Leg ulcers/pressure sores: PO 400mg/8h for 7d
Vaginosis: PO as above or 2g single dose
PID: 400mg BD 14d
Gingivitis/ulcers: PO 200-250mg/8h 3d

Question 17

Indications for benzypenicillin

Answer 17

Throat infections, otitis media, endocarditis, meningococcal, pneumonia, cellulitis, anthrax, GBS prophylaxis

Question 18

Dose of benzylpenicillin

Answer 18

IV/IM: 0.6-1.2g/6h
Anthrax: 2.4g/4h
Prophylaxis: 3g loading then 1.5g/4h until delivery
Meningitis: 2.4g/4h

Question 19

Indications for trimethoprim

Answer 19

UTI, bronchitis, pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 20

Dose of trimethoprim

Answer 20

Acute: 200mg/12h
Prophylaxis: 100mg nocte

Question 21

Dose of clotrimazole

Answer 21

Topical clotrimazole 1% 2-3/day

Question 22

Indications for ciprofloxacin

Answer 22

RTIs, UTIs, prostatitis, gonorrhoea, anthrax, prophylaxis of meningococcal

Question 23

Dose of ciprofloxacin

Answer 23

PO 250-750mg BD