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Year 5 Micro > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

what class of antibiotics inhibit cell wall growth?

A

beta lactams
glycopeptides

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2
Q

What class’s inhibit protein synthesis?

A

tetracyclines
macrolides
aminoglycosides
chloramphenicol
oxazolidinones

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3
Q

Inhibitors of RNA synthesis

A

Rifamycin

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4
Q

type of rifamycin?

A

rifamicin

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5
Q

DNA inhibitors?

A

Quinolones
nitroimidazoles

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6
Q

Type of quinolone ?

A

fluoroquinolones
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin

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7
Q

type of nitroimidazole

A

metronidazole

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8
Q

mycoplasma as an organism cannot be targeted by beta lactams - why?

A

lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall

so in the gram stain it would not be visiible

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9
Q

bacteriacidal

A

kills bacteria

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10
Q

bacteriostatic

A

stops growth

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11
Q

Name a broad spectrum penicillin

A

amoxicillin

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12
Q

name a thrid generation cephalosporin

A

ceftriaxone

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13
Q

name a carbapanem

A

meropenem

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14
Q

can beta lactams cross blood brain barrier?

A

No

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15
Q

type of glycopeptides

A

vancomycin (nephrotoxic)

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16
Q

type of aminoglycoside

A

gentamicin (ototoxic and nephrotoxic)

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17
Q

Type of tetracycline?

A

Doxycycline
broad spectrum

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18
Q

macrolide

A

clarithromycin
work mainly on gram +

19
Q

which drug is rarely used due to ‘grey baby syndrome’

aplastic anaemia?

A

chloramphenicol

this happens as baby has inability to metabolise drug

inhibits formation of peptide bonds : 50S ribosome unit

20
Q

another drug that atrgets protein synthesis

very effective against gram +, incl MRSA but need approval from ID

may cause optic neuritis ?

A

class: Oxazolidinones
Linezolid

21
Q

Does teicoplanin have any gram negative coverage?

A

no
used in serious staph/strep infections

22
Q

what two organisms can penicillin not target? why

A

mycoplasma
chlamydia

no cell wall

23
Q

pseudomonas is what type of microbe?

what antibiotic targets it?

A

encapsulated
gram negative
rod shaped

tazocin (piperacillin)

24
Q

Piperacillin

A

is a penicillin but broken down by beta lactamase (produced by bacteria)

however there is a beta lactamase inhibitor called tazobactam

which can inhibit the bacteria

= thus combination of both makes

tazocin- effective against pseudomonas and able to survive

25
Q

what is co amoxiclav?

A

clavulanic acid and amoxicillin

beta lactamase inhibitor alongside the abx - combination therapy

26
Q

which antibiotic (beta lactam) is stable against beta lactamase?

A

flucloxacillin

27
Q

what is ESBL?

A

extended spectrum beta lactamase producing organisms resistant to cephalosporins

28
Q

which beta lactam are stable to ESBL?

A

carbapenems

29
Q

Klebsiella is a ______ enzyme producing organism

A

carbapenemase - so resistant to carbapenems

30
Q

why are glycopeptides effective against gram + only?

A

too big of a molecule to penetrate neg cell wall

31
Q

what is an aerobic bacteria?

A

needs oxygen to survive

mycobacterium tuberculosis

bacillus

32
Q

Macrolides are effective against?

A

gram pos

33
Q

what is a Facultative anaerobe?

A

metabolise without oxygen but can use oxygen

34
Q

obligate anaerobe?

A

completely incapable of aerobic respiration

clostridium

35
Q

aerobic bacteria

A

e.coli
klebsiella
salmonella

36
Q

campylobacter and legionella pneumonia is treated with what abx?

A

macrolide: erythromycin/ clarithromycin, azithromycin

37
Q

oxazolidinones are active against?

A

MRSA and VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci)

38
Q

what is a protazoa?

A

one celled organism that are eukaryoates, true nucleus and membrane envelope

amoeboid, cillia, flagellates, motile

malaria plasmodium
toxoplasmosis gondii

39
Q

what is colistin?

A

polymyxin abx

treats gram neg
comes from bacillus colistinus

40
Q

are sulphonamides always given with something else?

A

Yes
not used alone
in combination with trimethoprim (diaminopyrimidine)

sulfamethazole

41
Q

staph aureus is described as?

A

gram positive cocci in clusters

42
Q

gram + in chains

A

streptococcus

43
Q

enterococci

A

gram positive

44
Q
A

Year 5 Micro (7 decks)

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