Antimicrobials Flashcards
what class of antibiotics inhibit cell wall growth?
beta lactams
glycopeptides
What class’s inhibit protein synthesis?
tetracyclines
macrolides
aminoglycosides
chloramphenicol
oxazolidinones
Inhibitors of RNA synthesis
Rifamycin
type of rifamycin?
rifamicin
DNA inhibitors?
Quinolones
nitroimidazoles
Type of quinolone ?
fluoroquinolones
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
type of nitroimidazole
metronidazole
mycoplasma as an organism cannot be targeted by beta lactams - why?
lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall
so in the gram stain it would not be visiible
bacteriacidal
kills bacteria
bacteriostatic
stops growth
Name a broad spectrum penicillin
amoxicillin
name a thrid generation cephalosporin
ceftriaxone
name a carbapanem
meropenem
can beta lactams cross blood brain barrier?
No
type of glycopeptides
vancomycin (nephrotoxic)
type of aminoglycoside
gentamicin (ototoxic and nephrotoxic)
Type of tetracycline?
Doxycycline
broad spectrum
macrolide
clarithromycin
work mainly on gram +
which drug is rarely used due to ‘grey baby syndrome’
aplastic anaemia?
chloramphenicol
this happens as baby has inability to metabolise drug
inhibits formation of peptide bonds : 50S ribosome unit
another drug that atrgets protein synthesis
very effective against gram +, incl MRSA but need approval from ID
may cause optic neuritis ?
class: Oxazolidinones
Linezolid
Does teicoplanin have any gram negative coverage?
no
used in serious staph/strep infections
what two organisms can penicillin not target? why
mycoplasma
chlamydia
no cell wall
pseudomonas is what type of microbe?
what antibiotic targets it?
encapsulated
gram negative
rod shaped
tazocin (piperacillin)
Piperacillin
is a penicillin but broken down by beta lactamase (produced by bacteria)
however there is a beta lactamase inhibitor called tazobactam
which can inhibit the bacteria
= thus combination of both makes
tazocin- effective against pseudomonas and able to survive
