Antimicrobials

Question 1

What are the two groups of medications in Beta Lactams class?

Answer 1

1. Penicillin’s
2. Cephalosporin’s

Question 2

What is the ending of most Penicillin’s? What are 8 examples?

Answer 2

1.Procaine Penicillin G
2. Na+ or K+
3. Penicillin
4. Ampicillin
5. Amoxacillin
6. Oxacillin
7. Ticarcillin
8. Imipenim

Question 3

How many generations of Cephalosporin’s are there?

Answer 3

4 generations

Question 4

What are 4 examples of 1st generation Cephalosporin’s? What are they predominantly effective against?

Answer 4

1. Cefadroxil
2. Cefazolin
3. Cephalothin
4. Cephalexin
   Most effective against Gram-positive bacteria

Question 5

What are 2 examples of 2nd generation Cephalosporin’s? What are they predominantly effective against?

Answer 5

1. Cefoxitin
2. Cefuroxime
   Most effective against Gram-negative bacteria

Question 6

What are 3 examples of 3rd generation Cephalosporin’s? What are they predominantly effective against?

Answer 6

1. Ceftiofur
2. Cefotaxime
3. Ceftazidime
   Most effective against Gram-negative bacteria

Question 7

What are 2 examples of 4th generation Cephalosporin’s?

Answer 7

1.Cefepime
2. Ceftazidime

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of Beta Lactams?

Answer 8

Inhibits formation of petidoglycan cross-links of bacterial cell wall

Question 9

What is the spectrum of activity of Beta Lactams?

Answer 9

Gram-Positive
Gram-Negative (limited for Penicillins)
Anaerobes

Question 10

Are Beta lactams Cidal or Static?

Answer 10

Cidal

Question 11

Are Beta lactams time or concentration dependent

Answer 11

Time

Question 12

What can Beta lactamase inhibitors be used to extend?

Answer 12

Anti-bacterial Spectrum

Question 13

What are two examples of Aminoglycosides? What is their method of action?

Answer 13

Examples: Gentamicin + Amikacin
Method of Action: Binds to 30s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis