antimicrobials Flashcards
1
Q
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
A
- lowest concentration of antibiotic required to prevent growth
- lower MIC does not mean the antibiotic is stronger
2
Q
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)
A
- lowest concentration required to kill bacteria
3
Q
Treatment of C-diff
A
- oral vancomycin
- dificid (fidaxomicin)
4
Q
Beta Lactams action
A
- bind to penicillin binding protein (PBP)
- cell wall synthesis inhibitor
5
Q
penicillin resistance
A
- bacteria with B-lactamase enzyme have resistance
6
Q
beta-lactamase inhibitors names
A
- sulbactam
- tazobactam
- clavulanic acid
7
Q
penicillin allergy risks
A
- 50% increase in SSI
- MRSA and C-diff rates are higher
8
Q
side effects of ticarcillin/ clavulanate and piperacillin / tazobactam (zosyn)
A
- prolonged bleeding time
- hypokalemia
- neutropenia at high doses
9
Q
imipenem/ cilastatin (primaxin) side effects
A
- high risk of seizures
- carbapenems antibiotic
10
Q
red-man syndrome
A
- skin turns red from running vancomycin to fast
11
Q
linezolid side effects
A
- myelosuppression (anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- drug interaction with MAO potential for serotonin syndrome
- hold SSRI for 5-14 days
12
Q
macrolides
A
- azithromycin
- clarithromycin (GI toxicity)
- erythromycin
- may prolong QT
13
Q
fluoroquinolones
A
- interact with NSAIDs, warfarin, antacids, amiodarone
- QT prolongations, CNS excitement, altered glucose
- avoid in the elderly
14
Q
ciprofloxacin
A
- drug of choice for GI infections
15
Q
delafloxacin
A
- activity against MRSA and does not prolong QT
16
Q
side effect of tetracyclines
A
- tooth discoloration
17
Q
aminoglycosides
A
- bactericidal
- oto and nephrotoxic
18
Q
bactrim
A
- alternative to vanco for MRSA and VRSA
- pancytopenia, neutropenia, TTP, stevens johnson
- cant give to sulfa allergy pts
19
Q
nitrofurantoin
A
- cover UTI
- narrow spectrum antibiotic
20
Q
clindamycin
A
- highest risk of causing C-diff infection
- great tissue penetration
- redose time is 6 hours
21
Q
metronidazole
A
- kills all anaerobes
- concentration dependent
- disulfiram (vomit with ETOH)
22
Q
rifampin
A
- given to pts that have hardware infections that cant be replaced
- drug interactions can last for months after med is D/C
- turns body fluids orange
23
Q
antibiotics that are okay in pregnant women
A
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- erythromycin
24
Q
tetracycline in pregnant women
A
- associated with acute fatty necrosis of the liver, pancreatitis, possible renal injury
25
Q
amphoteracin side effects
A
- k and mag wasting
- anemia
- renal failure
26
Q
itraconazole side effects
A
- hypokalemia
- N/V
- increased LFTs
