Antimicro use Flashcards
Strep. infections (except Pneumococcus); Syphilis (Benzathine Pen); anaerobes (except Bacterioides Fragilis)
Penicillin G; Penicillin V
Staph. aureus, Streptococci infections (cellulitis)
Oxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Nafcillin (Cloxacillin, Methicillin)
Streptococcus; DoC: Enterococcus, Listeria; mouth anaerobes; some G(-): E. Coli, Proteus Mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, H. Influenzae; H. Pylori, Borrelia Burgdorferi; (HELPSS)
Ampicillin; Amoxicillin
Most G(-) bacteria; all Proteus; Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Piperacillin; (Ticarcillin; Azlocillin; Carbencillin)
S. Aureus, gut anaerobes (B. Fraegilis); all Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Klebsiella
Zosyn (Piperacillin + Tazobactam); Augmentin (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate)
G+, Staph, Strep, Cellulitis; Some G-: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella (PEcK); mouth anaerobes; Surgical Prophylaxis
Cefazolin; Cephalexin
_ S. aureus; _ G(-): H. influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp (HEN PEcKS); Serratia marcescens; M. catarrhalis; Pneumonia, COPD exacerbations
Cefuroxime (IV); [Cefaclor (PO), Cefuroxime (PO)]
Broad G- coverage. (_ G+ activity); Pseudomonas (Ceftazidime); anaerobes - not B. Fragilis; Meningitis & Sepsis, Gonorrhea (Ceftriaxone)
Ceftazadime (IV); Cefpodoxime (PO); Ceftriaxone (IV)
_ resistance to _-Lactamases (esp. Enterobacter, S. aureus); _activity against Pseudomonas and gram-positive organisms
Cefepime
Empiric coverage of virtually all bacteria (except MRSA & VREnterococci); ICU empiric therapy (life threatening infections)
Imipenem (given w/ Cilastin)
G- aerobic bacilli (esp. Pseudomonas) only; no G+, no anaerobic; For penicillin-allergic pt and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.
Aztreonam
Almost any G+, but reserved for resistant strains (e.g. MRSA); Pseudomembranous colitis (PO): Metronidazole(R) C. Difficile
Vancomycin
G+ cocci only; use for VRE, VRSA
Daptomycin
Bacteriacidal for G- Bacteria; Skin Infections, External Otitis; Pseudomonas in Cystic Fibrosis via nebulized solution
Colistin (Polymyxin E); Polymyxin B
All G- enterobactericeae; not G+; Community-aquired pneumonia, bronchitis, UTIs, gastroenteritis
Ciprofloxacin; (Lomefloxaci, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin)
same as 2nd gen + Pneumococcus; gonorrheal and chlamydial infections
Levofloxacin
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella; Anaerobes (bacteriodes, clostridium - Pseudomembranous colitis); H. Pylori (GET GAP on the Metro! )
Metronidazole
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Leprosy; H. Influenzae; N. meningococcus
Rifampin
G- rods; ineffective against anaerobes (O2-dependent uptake mechanism); Streptomycin for Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Bubonic plague. Neomycin: bowel surgery
Gentamicin; Tobramycin; (Neomycin, Streptomycin; Amikacin)
G+ (S. pneumoniae, MRSA); intracellular pathogens: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Rickettsia (rocky mtn spotted fever); alt for Spirochetes
Doxycycline; (Tetracycline, Minocycline, Dmeclocycline, Tigecycline)
Anaerobic bacteria (except C. Difficile) esp. above the diaphragm (e.g. Aspiration Pneumonia); pneumococci and MRSA
Clindamycin
Community acquired Pneumonias; (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella -DOC). H. influenzae; H. Pylori; MAC (in HIV); Gram+ organisms;
Azithromycin (Z pack); (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)
Gram+ Cocci, used primarily for VRSA & MRSA; anaerobes (B. fragilis)
Linezolid
Parenterally for severe infections: VRSA, VRE, drug resistant G+ Cocci
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
UTIs, COPD exacerbations; DOC Nocardia, Stentophomonas, Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora; prophylactic Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia; minor MRSA infection; AIDS prophylaxis
Trimethoprim
UTIs, COPD exacerbations; DOC Nocardia, Stentophomonas, Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora; prophylactic Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia; minor MRSA infection; AIDS prophylaxis
Sulfamethoxazole
Tuberculosis: used in combination with other antimycobacterial agents
Isoniazid (INH)
Tuberculosis: ability to kill mycobacteria in protected sites (inside Macs) allows for short course (<6months) therapy
Pyrazinamide
Tuberculosis: used in combination with other antimycobacterial agents; Atypical mycobacacterial infections (e.g. MAC)
Ethambutol
HSV, VZV (requires higher dose than HSV); works on active phase infection not dormant
Acyclovir
CMV, retinitis in HIV; HHV-6, HHV-7 (resistant to Aclovir)
Ganciclovir
Aclovir-resistant HSV/VZV; Ganciclovir resistant CMV; HIV (RNA poly inhibitor)
Foscarnet
Influenza A & B, H1N1 (treat within 48h of symptoms to _ duration/severity of illness)
Oseltamivir; (Zanamivir)
HIV; _maternal-fetal HIV transmission; post HIV exposure
Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV, Azidothymidine)
HIV; HBV
Lamivudine; (Emtricitabine)
HIV-1 infection (potent, first line in combo), HIV-2 is resistant; (Nevirapine _vertical transmission by half @ delivery)
Efavirenz; (Nevirapine, Delaviradine; Etravirine)
HIV; potent first line protease inhibitors
Ritonavir/Lopinavir; Amprenavir
HCV
Boceprevir; Telapravir
HIV infection; in salvage regiments to treat multi drug-resistant HIV
Enfurvitide
HIV infection; multi drug-resistant HIV
Maraviroc
HIV infection; multi drug-resistant HIV
Raltegravir
Invasive Aspergillus; Mucormycosis. Pulmonary, disseminated fungal infections: Blastomyces, Coccidoides, Histoplasma; severe Candidal, Crytococcal, Sporothrix
Amphotericin B
Topically antifungal for cutaneous Candidiasis, (PO for trush “swish and swallow”)
Nystatin
Candidiases, Dermatophytes (Clotrimazole). Esophageal/invasive Candidiasi &, Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcal meningitis pohylaxis (Fluconazole)
Clotrimazole; Fluconazole (Voriconazole, Terconazole, Posaconazole, Itraconazole)
Topical Dermatophytes (limited activity against candida), onychomycosis (nail inf.), tinea (ring worms)
Terbinafine (Lamisil); Tolnaftate
Life-threatening fungal infections, Candidemia, (particularly by azole-resistant strains). Adjuvant therapy of serious Aspergillus infection (w/ Amphotericin)
Caspofungin
Used in combo with amphotericin B for Cryptococcal meningitis, Candidemia (context of immunodeficiency)
Flucytosine
